摘要
基于江苏省宿迁市A镇、南通市B镇、昆山市C镇的实地调研,采用案例比较法和交易费用法,分析江苏省"万顷良田建设工程"中宅基地置换模式的区域差异性及其原因。研究结果表明,江苏省"万顷良田建设工程"宅基地置换主要采用了置换宅基地、置换小产权房、置换商品房三种模式,具有显著的区域差异性。区域土地稀缺程度、非农就业机会大小、农地流转稳定程度和农村社会保障稳定程度是导致宅基地置换模式区域差异的主要原因。昆山市C镇因土地稀缺程度较大、非农就业机会较大、农地流转稳定程度和农村社会保障稳定程度较高,宅基地置换交易费用较小,采用类似市场制的置换商品房模式;相反,宿迁市A镇因土地稀缺程度较小、非农就业机会较小、农地流转稳定程度和农村社会保障稳定程度较低,宅基地置换交易费用较大,采用类似层级制的置换宅基地模式;南通市B镇因各项指标处于中等水平,宅基地置换的交易费用中等,采用类似中间混合制的置换小产权房模式。鉴于此,在推行宅基地置换的过程中,需要依据农民对农村生活生产环境的依赖程度、农地流转稳定程度和农村社会保障稳定程度因地制宜地选择合适的宅基地置换模式,避免发生"一刀切"等将农民转移到城镇的强制行为。此外,需要不断完善农地流转和社会保障制度等配套改革,替代农地的就业和社会保障功能,保障农民能够获得稳定持续的经济收益,从而促进农民不断向城市转移。
The objective of this paper is to analyze the regional differences of rural residential land replacement modes and to explain the reasons for these differences in ＇ Ten Thousand Hectare Fertile Farmland Construction Project＇ in Jiangsu Province, taking A town of Suqian City, B town of Nantong City and C town of Kunshan City as examples. Methods of case study and transaction cost analysis are used in this paper. Results show that in ＇ Ten Thousand Hectare Fertile Farmland Construction Project＇ in Jiangsu Province, rural residential land replacement modes include replacing rural residential land, apartments located on collectively-owned land, and apartments located on state-owned land, which indicates significant regional differences. These regional differences are mainly caused by the degree of land scarcity, access to off-farm employment opportunities, farmland transfer stability and rural social insurances. C town of Kunshan City is characterized by comparatively high degree of land scarcity, good access to off-farm employment opportunities, high degree of farmland transfer stability, and more rural social insurances. Transaction costs of rural residential land replacement is comparatively low, C town therefore applies the market governance structure, i.e. the mode of replacing apartments located on state- owned land. On the contrary, A town of Suqian City is characterized by comparatively low degree of land scarcity, poor access to off- farm employment opportunities, low degree of farmland transfer stability, and less rural social insurances. Transaction costs of rural residential land replacement is comparatively high; A town therefore adopts the hierarchical governance structure, i.e. the mode of replacing rural residential land. In B town of Nantong City, all the above-mentioned indicators are at the middle level. Transaction costs of rural residential land replacement is also at the middle level; B town therefore uses the hybrid govemance structure, i.e. the mode of replacing apartments located on collectively-owned land. The conclusion is that during the process of rural residential land replacement, it is necessary to choose the appropriate and site-specific residential land replacement modes based on farm households＇ dependence on local rural living and production environment, the stability of farmland transfer and rural social insurances, so as to avoid the government mandatory ＇ one size fits all＇ behavior to enforce farm households to quickly shift to cities and towns. In order to smoothly shift farmers to cities and towns, the govemments have to constantly improve farmland transfer policies and rural social insurance system to replace the employment and social security functions of farmland, and therefore make sure that farm households can obtain continuous and stable economic benefits.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第4期107-115,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目"农村土地制度与资源配置"(编号:71322301)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"我国建设用地总量控制和差别化管理政策研究"(编号:11JZD031)
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(编号:NCET-10-0494)
江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目"城乡建设用地增减挂钩拆迁补偿模式比较研究"(编号:CXLX12_0306)
关键词
交易费用
宅基地置换模式
区域差异
原因
transaction costs
residential land replacement modes
regional differences
reason
