摘要
目的描述安徽省狂犬病监测门诊暴露人群流行病学特征、暴露后处理情况及主要宿主动物免疫和带病毒状况,为狂犬病防治措施提供理论依据。方法收集2005—2012年安徽省5个狂犬病监测点的监测数据进行统计分析。结果暴露人群呈逐年上升趋势,且男性多于女性;Ⅱ、Ⅲ级是主要的暴露级别;81.8%的暴露人群选择门诊处理伤口,88.9%的暴露人群选择门诊全程免疫接种,但注射狂犬病被动免疫制剂的人群仅为3.2%;犬类和猫类的免疫率较低,分别为3.2%和0.1%,自2008年开始犬带病毒率呈逐年增加趋势。结论安徽省狂犬病防控策略应为加强暴露人群正确处理伤口,提高免疫接种的比率,特别是Ⅲ级暴露后使用被动免疫制剂率;同时加强对犬类的管理,减少人群暴露的发生。
Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, post-exposure treatment, animal carrying the rabies virus and immunization. Methods Collecting and analyzing the data from five surveillance sites in Anhui province from 2005 to 2012. Results The number of population exposed to rabies increased year by year with more male than female. Dog was the main attacking animal. The level ]I and ]]I were the main exposure level. The 81.8 percent of population selected to be deal with the wound and 88.9 percent of population selected post-exposure vaccinations in rabies-clinics, but only 3.2 percent of population received passive immunization. Dogs and cats had a low rate of immunization. Rabies virus positive rate in dogs was increasing year by year since 2008. Conclusion Treatment correctly of the wound and improving the rate of post-exposure vaccination, especially passive immunization after the III exposure. Strengthen the management of dogs and reduce the rabies exposure.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2014年第3期191-194,共4页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
狂犬病
暴露人群
宿主动物
流行特征
rabies
population exposed to rabies
host animals
epidemiological characteristics
