摘要
于2011—2012年玉米生长季节，采用3个高产玉米品种，在乳熟后期分期（设9月20日、9月25日、9月30日3水平，不灌水为对照，分别用I920、I925、I930和CK表示）进行灌溉单因素试验。结果表明：各灌水处理与CK相比，成熟期1m土体土壤含水率提高2.92%-14.14%。不同灌水处理农田蒸散量变幅为380.67-434.91mm，处理间由小到大为I925、I920、I930、CK。不同处理影响干物质积累转移，CK和I930处理提高了吐丝前营养器官同化物向籽粒的转化效率， I920与I925处理则提高了吐丝后营养器官同化物的转化效率，而最终产量以I920与I925处理较高。不同处理籽粒水分生产率为21.94-26.53kg/m^3，以CK最高或较高。这表明，乳熟后适期灌溉，虽然降低了水分利用率，但提高了籽粒产量。结合本研究地区小麦-玉米一体化生产，乳熟后灌水建议在9月20-25日期间进行。
Field experiments were conducted in the test station of Dry-land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences during 2011—2012. Three summer maize cultivars, Xundan 20, Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, were used as experimental materials. The measurements were taken on irrigation by three stages （Sep.20, Sep.25, Sep.30）. The main results showed that compared with CK, different irrigation treatments during late milk period had increased the soil moisture by 2.92%-14.14% in 0-100cm layer at harvest. The evapotranspiration amounts of maize were ranged within 380.67-434.91mm, and different treatments from small to large were I9 25, I920, I930 and CK. Different treatments also had effects on the dry matter distribution. The treatments of CK and I930 increased amount of assimilate storage in vegetative parts before silking to grains. I920 and I925 treatments, however, increased amount of assimilate storage in vegetative after silking to grains. Grain yield of I920 and I925 treatments were higher than those of other treatments. Water use efficiency for grain yield was range within 21.94-26.53kg/m^3, water use efficiency for grain yield of I925, I 920 and I930 treatments were most obviously lower than that by CK treatment. This shows that at optimum irrigation time after milking, grain yield increases although water use efficiency for grain yield decreases. In comprehensive consideration of cultivating technique of high yield and efficiency for unified wheat and maize, the best time for irrigation was on 20-25 September.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第5期131-138,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAD05B05
2011BAD29B01)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201203077)
关键词
夏玉米
乳熟后期
灌溉
水分利用效率
干物质转运
Summer maize
Late milk stage
Irrigation
Water use efficiency
Dry matter transition
