摘要
在妨碍城乡发展一体化的体制中,城乡二元土地制度是影响城乡平等发展的最重要制度安排。这一制度的基本特征是:城乡二元的土地权利体系;城乡土地拥有不同的配置方式;土地增值收益在城乡之间分配严重不公;土地管制缺陷造成城乡不平等发展。由此带来一系列严重问题:农地转用一律实行征地,城乡一体化形成土地国有化;土地城镇化与人口城镇化不匹配;集体建设用地合法市场通道基本关闭,农村发展空间压缩;宅基地法律规定滞后于现实,既不利于农民实现宅基地财产权,也不利于土地管理;农民土地权利受损,由土地问题引发的社会不稳定增加;土地增值收益城乡分配不合理程度加剧。改革二元土地制度结构、促进城乡一体化发展,需从以下方面着手:改革权利不平等的城乡二元土地所有制结构;建立城乡统一的建设用地市场;切实推进征地制度改革;改革和完善宅基地制度;建立公平共享的土地增值收益分配制度;推进城乡结合部地区的土地制度创新。
China' s dual urban-rural land tenure is the most important institutional arrangement within its systematic framework that hinders urban-rural integration.The characteristics of this institution include the urban-rural land rights system,different ways of urban and rural land allocation,seriously unjust income distribution between urban and rural increment benefits on land value,and land control defects that have caused unequal urban-rural development.These factors result in a series of severe problems.First,land requisition has been regularly carried out in farmland transfer,so the urban-rural integration has helped nationalization of land.Second,the urbanization of land does not match the urbanization of people.Third,legal market channels for collective construction land deals are largely closed,reducing the room for rural development.Fourth,The lagging homestead management laws are detrimental not only to protection of farmers' land property rights but also the proper management of land.Fifth,farmers' land rights are jeopardized,which increases social instability.Last but not least,the unreasonable distribution of incremental benefits on land value between urban and rural areas worsens.To reform the dual land tenure system and promote the integration of urban-rural development,the dual land ownership structure,which leads to unequal rights,should be reformed;a unified urban-rural construction land market should be established and the land requisition system should be reformed;the rural homestead system should also be reformed and a fair sharing system for distributing land incremental income should be set up;moreover,innovation in land system in urban-rural fringe areas should be promoted.
出处
《国际经济评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第3期9-25,共17页
International Economic Review
