摘要
东亚"朝贡体系"之中,明朝对藩属国颁历授时,是其履行宗主国权力的重要体现。明朝对高丽/朝鲜的颁历关系,始自洪武初年,到永乐初年才形成定制。朝鲜使者每年岁末兼行奉咨请历,明廷赐给王历一本,民历一百本,由使者赍回。若不及领取,明朝也会遣使颁历。朝鲜王朝在遵奉明朝正朔的同时,国内自印小历敷用,存在二历并行的局面。有时,所造之历甚至流传回中国。朝鲜王朝谨防此违制之举被发现,常审慎对待明使。明廷颁降之《大统历》在朝鲜王朝具有权威地位,李氏君臣常据之考校本国历日正误,据之择吉行事,还据之修订本国历注。入清以后,在朝鲜王朝"尊周思明"的语境中,明朝颁历之举还体现出深远的后续影响。
The Ming government conferred almanacs to some subordinated kingdoms including Korea, reflected one of the most important aspect on the execution of suzerainty. The relationship of conferring almanacs between the Ming and Korea began in the reign of Hongwu and became definitive system in the reign of Yongle. Every year, the Ming government conferred one almanac for prince and 100 almanacs for common people to Korea. Some Korean emissaries had the task of asking the Ming government for almanacs. Occasionally, the Ming government sent an emissary to conferr almanacs to Korea. Korea accepted almanacs from the Ming government, but they also printed their own almanacs without the Ming government＇ s permission, so they tried to prevent Ming emissaries from finding this violation. Sometimes, the Korean almanacs even reached China. The almanacs based on Datong Calendar conferred by the Ming government played an important role in Korean calendar affairs. According to the Ming almanacs, Korean government often corrected the mistakes in the their almanacs, made divinations, revised annotation in their almanacs. In the context of revering the Zhou and longing for the Ming when Korea became subordinated kingdoms of the Qing, the conferring almanacs tradition of the Ming government still had an great influence.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第7期55-68,共14页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"中外科学文化交流历史文献整理与研究"(10&ZD063)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"中华帝国后期的时间管理--明清时代之颁历制度研究"(13YJC770044)的阶段性成果
关键词
明朝
颁历
朝鲜
历书(历日)
《大统历》
Ming government
conferring almanac
Korea
almanac
almanacs based on Datong Calendar
