摘要
贫困、生态与发展是当今社会发展的重要问题 ,脱贫致富、生态建设和可持续发展是当今社会的重要任务。由于历史的、社会的和自然的原因 ,西藏的贫困问题仍较为严重 ,扶贫开发将是一项长期的任务 ;由于其特殊的地理环境与气候条件 ,西藏的生态问题将影响到全国、东亚甚至全球的生态安全。因此 ,西藏的发展将具有十分重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。文章分析了西藏的贫困与生态环境现状 ,并在此基础上 ,从可持续发展角度 。
Poverty, ecological crisis and development are very important issues existing in current society. For the sake of historical, social and natural reasons, poverty is still serious and poverty relief will be a long term and arduous task in Tibet. According to the statistics, in the late 1994,there were about 4 800 000 people below the poverty standard which accounted for 20 69% of the total population of the Region. Among them, 86 000 persons resided in 5 State supported Poverty Counties, 119 000 persons resided in 13 Region support Poverty Counties, and 275 000 persons resided in other counties. However, it should be pointed out that due to various subjective and objective reasons, the above figure is less than the fact then or, in other words, the real poor population would be higher than that figure. According to the newly investigation in 2000,about 43 6% of the total rural population live below the poverty line and about 12 0% of the population are in the state of serious poverty. The most serious poverty is Nakchu region where about 62 7% of the total population live below the poverty line and 24 3% of the population are in serious poverty. Even if in suburb of Lhasa, also 25 3% of total population live also below the poverty line and 1 5% of the population are in serious poverty state. At the same time, the special geographical and climatic conditions determine ecological significance there which will influence the ecological security of China, East Asia and even the whole world. The special significance of Qinghai Tibet Plateau has been identified. The ecological effects of the plateau include some aspects, e.g. it is a huge gene pool of the earth, an important “trigger” of global climatic change, the immense solid “water tower” and “the source of rivers” of the adjacent regions, and “the source of ecology” and “the ecological barrier” of China. Unfortunately, as a result of the change of natural conditions and the increasing intensity of human activities, the originally fragile Tibetan natural ecosystem is facing crisis, such as, desertification, water and soil loss, land and grassland degradation, frequent disasters and so on. Along with population growth, economic development and productive and constructive enlargement, the exploitation and utilization of natural resources have been intensifying. Planting on steep slope land, over grazing, over hacking, and over reclamation all cause ecological degradation. eco environmental degradation and poverty interact each other and simultaneously occur just as “twinborn sisters”. Consequently, paying equal attention to poverty relief and ecological conservation is necessary. The task of povertyrelief and ecological conservation in Tibet is both a great and arduous career and a synthetic systems engineering which has a specific and profound political, social, economic, and ecological significance. In this paper, on the basis of the analysis to poverty and eco environmental situations in Tibet, viewing form sustainable development, some effective approaches to poverty relief and ecological construction could be supposed which cover:(1) to combine the poverty relief and ecological conservation along with eco agricultural road;(2) to implement the strategy of sustainable development along with synthetic treatment and overal development; (3)to unite the construction of infrastructure facilities with industrial development along with the road of multiindustry; and (4) To unite the exploitation of natural resources with the development of human resources and to improve the people's abroad participation
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第3期62-67,共6页
Resources Science
基金
中国科学院重大及特别支持项目!"青藏高原环境变化与区域可持续发展研究(KZ951-A1-2 0 4 -0 5
KZ95T -0 6)部分研究成果
