摘要
1998年 3～ 5月期间 ,于海南省大田国家级自然保护区的养鹿场内共记录到 7只半野生海南坡鹿(Cervuseldihainanus)雄鹿发情期 4 6次吼叫 ,但未见到雌鹿发出吼叫的现象。记录到的所有吼叫均由年龄大于4 5岁的雄鹿发出 ,其中 1只雄鹿的吼叫达 2 2次 ,占 4 7 8%。雄鹿的吼叫由连续的 3～ 13声组成 ,整个吼叫过程持续 9～ 2 3s ,吼叫频率为 [3 4 74± 6 90 ( 2 5 ) ]声 /min。雄鹿每次的吼叫声数及持续时间存在显著的个体差异。雄鹿的吼叫在白天和夜间均能听见 ,但主要发生于 8:0 0～ 9:5 9及 17:0 0～ 17:5 9两个时间段。吼叫是雄鹿繁殖活动的一个表现指标 ,它与雄鹿的蹭角、泥浴、争斗胜利、交配成功或追逐发情雌鹿等优势行为显著正相关。因此 ,我们认为吼叫是雄鹿发情行为中的一种优势炫耀行为 ,具有明显的繁殖意义。
The roarings of the semi free ranging Hainan Eld's deer (Cervus eldi hainanus) males during the rut were recorded at the deer farm of the Datian National Nature Reserve (108°48′E, 19°05′N) from March to May 1998. The techniques of all occurrence sampling and scanning sampling with 3 minute interval were used in the study to collect data. Forty six roar bouts of the deer were recorded in total. The female deer did not roar at all during the mating season. Roaring was one of the most obvious behavior patterns of rutting stags. The stags stood motionless when they were roaring. All the roarings were emitted by the stags over 4 5 year old. One stag contributed twenty two roar bouts that amount to 47 8% of the total recorded roaring events. The roar bout consisted of 3～13 [9 37±2 50 (46)] roar sounds and last 9～23 [16 28±3 68 (25)] seconds. The rate of roaring was 34 74±6 90(25) roar per minute. Frequency of the roar bout was quite low compared to red deer (Cervus elaphus) and David deer (Elaphurus davidianus). The maximum roar bouts given by a particular stag were two in a day during this study. No contest roaring events were found among stags. The roaring of one stag could not elicited roaring response from others in the vicinity. The number of roar sounds per bout was significantly different among the stags (Kruskal Wallis test, H =21 58, df =6, P =0 001). Significant difference also existed in the duration of each bout among the stags ( H=8 91, df=3, P=0 031). Roaring could be heard both at daytime and at night, but most roaring (62 3%) occurred in the period of 8:00～9:59 and 17:00～17:59. No stags gave roaring during the period of 12:00～13:59 and 19:00～20:59 in this study. Roaring could be used as an exhibition index of the reproductive activity for the particular stags since it was positively correlated to some dominant behaviors such as rubbing antler, wallowing, winning a fight, mating and pursuing an estrous female (Pearson correlation, r =0 976, P <0 001, n =16). In those cases the stags often made roaring within 5 minutes after they finished such activities. It is seasonable to consider roaring as one of the dominant display behaviors for the rutting stags of Hainan Eld's deer. In addition, there was a strong correlation between roar bouts and success of copulation (Pearson correlation, r=0 907,P<0 001,n=13). The majority of the successful copulation (36 times/43 times) were completed by the stags engaging in roaring during rut season. Those stags who gave more roar bouts would got more chance to mate successfully. Therefore, the roaring of Hainan Eld's deer male has obvious reproductive significance.
出处
《动物学报》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第5期481-487,共7页
ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA
基金
中国科学院"九五"重大项目资助 (KZ95 1 A1 10 5 )~~
关键词
海南坡鹿
吼叫
优势炫耀行为
交配
雄鹿
发情期
繁殖
Hainan Eld's deer (Cervus eldi hainanus), Roaring, Dominance display behavior, Copulation
