摘要
共调查了云南西北部地区的中甸大雪山、中甸碧塔海、德钦白芒雪山、丽江石鼓镇、玉龙雪山保护区和永胜县 6个小区域。采用巴氏罐诱法研究不同生境下地表甲虫物种多样性的变化。其结果 :①共采集甲虫标本 2 85 2号 ,分属 16个科。以翅虫数量最占 41 3% ;步甲次之 ,占 2 5 9% ;金龟、象甲、拟步甲的数量各占 5 %以上 ;其他 11科合计占 13%。②甲虫群落的物种多样性分析表明 :农业活动频繁的永胜县 ,个体数量和丰富度较低 ;游牧业和旅游业频繁的中甸碧塔海多样性指数和丰富度较低 ;其他 4个区域多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度以及个体数量比较均匀。除永胜县外 ,其他地区甲虫群落间相似性系数随着空间距离的增大而降低。③比较针叶林、阔叶林、混交林、灌丛和草甸等 5种生境 ,所有甲虫、步甲、金龟数量在针叶林和草甸生境内较高 ;隐翅虫数量在针叶林和阔叶林内较高 ;象甲在阔叶林内数量较高 ;拟步甲在灌丛内数量较高 ;但只有步甲和隐翅虫差异显著。④物种的个体数量、丰富度和多样性指数随海拔高度不同 ,其变化趋势相似。在 15 0 0～ 2 0 0 0m呈下降趋势 ;在 2 5 0 0～ 30 0 0m和 35 0 0～ 40 0 0m分别形成 2个峰值。均匀度指数的变化趋势则与之相反。以上结果表明 ,空间距离和生境类型影响云南西北部地?
This paper studies litter layer beetle species diversity and its changes in different habitats and local areas in the middle part of the Hengduan Range,a transition region between the east zones encircling the Pacific and the west zones of ancient Mediterranean,characterized by a series of paralleled mountain ranges and rivers from south to north,and with a sharp altitude differentiation.The study was conducted in Northwest Yunnan Province (E 99 0°-100 8°;N 26 7°-28 7°) and 33 plots were investigated to represent five different kinds of habitats,which located in six local areas,namely Mt.Daxue of Zhongdian County,Bitahai of Zhongdian County,Mt.Baimang of Deqin County,Shiguzhen of Lijiang County,Mt.Yulong Nature Reserve,Yongsheng County.Barber traps was employed.Totally,sixteen beetle families were found in the 2?852 captured specimens,of which 41 3% was Staphylinidae and 25 9% was Carabidae;Scarabaeidae,Curculionidae and Tenebroinidae were each above 5%,and the other 11 families all together were less than 13%.There were no remarkable difference to be found in the values of species diversity ( H '),evenness ( J ) and richness ( S ),and individual number,if comparisons were made between local areas,but except for Yongsheng County and Bitahai of Zhongdian County.The former,characterizing by intensive farming,showed a relative low value of richness and individual number,whereas the latter,influenced by intensive herding and tourism,exhibited a low species diversity and richness.Computing the similarity coefficient ( q ) of beetle communities of the six local areas,we found that they tended to be less similar if geographic distances were longer between any two local sites,but it was true only when Yongsheng County was not included.Coniferous forests and meadows showed relatively higher abundance than the other habitats when we considered all beetles together,Carabidae only,or Scarabaeidae only;Staphylinidae was yet more abundant in broad leaved forests and coniferous forests,Curculionidae in broad leaved forests and Tenebrionidae in shrubs.However,not all of these abundance differences among five different habitats showed statistic significance.If the whole scope of elevation from 1?500 to 4?500?m above the see level in the studied areas was divided into 6 intervals of 500?m,two peak values of diversity,richness and individual number corresponded to 2?500-3?000?m and 3?500-4?000?m respectively.Based on these results,we can conclude that geographic distances and habitat differences may influence species diversity and composition similarity of the litter layer beetle communities in Northwest Yunnan Province;intensive activities of agriculture and tourism may disturb the natural patterns of changes of litter layer beetle diversity in the studied region.
基金
国家重点基础发展规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 46 80 1)
国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 39970 0 90 )
关键词
地表甲虫
物种多样性
相似性
海拔
生境
Litter layer beetles
Species diversity
Similarity
Elevation
Habitat
