摘要
针对城市生活垃圾粗堆肥量大、因腐熟度不够没有得到充分资源化利用等主要问题,采取4因素3水平的正交试验方法,研究调理剂(调节初始C/N比)、补水情况、接菌情况、翻堆频率对堆肥过程指标变化的影响,以期为提高城市生活垃圾粗堆肥腐熟度提供基础参考。以锯末和尿素为调理剂调节初始C/N比为11.4、15.7、20.0,堆肥的初始含水量为65%,菌剂初始添加质量比按0.02g/kg进行添加。然后在堆肥过程中的不同时间点按调节含水量65%、菌剂质量比0.02g/kg来补充水分和菌剂。结果表明,温度、pH值、吸光度比值E4/E6满足堆肥腐熟的要求;除处理2#外,其他处理的T值均小于0.6,满足堆肥基本腐熟的要求;处理1#、3#发芽指数GI不足50%,其他处理均大于80%,满足堆肥要求;处理4#、5#、6#NH^+4-N含量满足堆肥腐熟标准,其余均较高;7#、8#处理的电导率EC值偏高。总体上看二次堆肥臭味均降低,有害气体排放量减少,但仍没有类似泥土的气味,处理4#、5#、6#的腐熟度最好。水分补充情况与添加菌剂对堆肥温度的影响较为明显。二次堆肥高温期温度可达到50~60℃,持续7d及以上,有利于堆肥原料的腐熟。添加锯末可减少氮损失,高C/N比的处理有利于堆肥产品质量的提高,翻堆频率对二次堆肥影响不明显。
This paper is aimed at providing a methodological reference to improve the maturity of the municipal solid waste composting through an orthogonal experiment with 4 factors and 3 levels so as to clarify the effects of the conditioner(initial C/N adjustment),the water replenishment,inoculation and the turning frequency on the change of the indicators for the said process.The background reason for the given study comes from the need that for the time being,large amounts of crude compost in the municipal solid waste fails to get fully utilized due to the insufficient compost maturity.The so-called compost maturity demands can be stated as follows:it is necessary to adjust the initial C/N to11.4,15.7,20.0 with the sawdust and urea being the conditioning agents.And the initial water content at composting reaches65%,the initial amount of the bacterial agent should be added to at a rate of 0.02 g/kg.Then,at the different time points in the composting process,it is supposed that the compost material be replenished with water and the bactericide at a water concentration rate of 65% with a bacterium dose of 0.02 g/kg.The results of the above mentioned experiment may indicate that the temperature,the pH value,the absorbance ratio E4/E6 should all meet the basic compost maturity demands by additing to Treatment No.2,along with the other treatments of T value of less than 0.6.At the same time,the treatments of No.1 and No.3,the germination index GI should be reduced by less than 50%,whereas the other treatments should be made over 80%.What is more,the NH^+4-N content rate of No.4,No.5,and No.6 should be made to meet the compost standard,whereas the standard of the rest treatments should be made higher.In addition,the treatments of the EC value of No.7 and No.8 also should be high.Thus,on the whole,it would be possible to reduce the secondary compost odor and the harmful gas content rate.However,there may still remain no soillike smell,which makes it necessary to do the compost maturity treatments of No.4,No.5,and No.6 so as to achieve the best results of C/N 20.0.As a result,the effects of the water supplementation and addition of fungicides on the compost temperature can thus be made obvious.And,if the temperature of the secondary composting during the high temperature period can reach 50-60 ℃ and above for 7 days or longer,it would be better for the raw material composting.If it is necessary to reduce the loss of nitrogen,sawdust should be added.Moreover,high C/N treatment can also be conducive to the improvement of the compost product quality,though the transformation frequency may not be able to affect the secondary compost significantly.
作者
杨庆楠
郭小平
YANG Qing-nan;GUO Xiao-ping(Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institule,Harbin 150080,China;College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期2363-2368,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
关键词
环境工程学
城市生活垃圾
粗堆肥
堆肥指标
腐熟度
environmental engineering
municipal solid waste
crude compost
composting index
maturity
