摘要
传统劳动关系概念和判定理论突出人格从属性和经济从属性,该理论主要以工业化时代的工厂劳动关系为模型。由于平台用工具有许多新特点,劳动关系理论在互联网平台用工背景下遭遇了巨大挑战;但传统劳动关系概念和判定标准具有较强的弹性和适应性,并非完全过时,仍可包容网络平台用工关系。与此同时,为适应网络平台用工的新特点,劳动关系的判定方法需作相应改进。对网络平台用工劳动关系的认定,应根据不同平台以及不同类型工人的实际用工特点,综合考虑个案全部事实进行具体分析,更加注重实质从属性,考虑平台工人工作时间和收入来源,以及社会保护的必要性等因素。由于网络平台用工的复杂性和差异性,我国目前暂时不必针对网络平台工人的身份制定专门规则,可通过最高人民法院出台司法解释来界定劳动关系的概念及判定因素。除劳动法外,还应完善社会保险制度以及网络平台监管制度等,多角度保护网络平台工人的权益。
The traditional concept and theory of determination of labor relations emphasize the employee’s "personal dependence" and "economic dependence" ,which have evolved from the practice of labor relations in factories in the industrialization era.Against the background of online platform work,such concept and theory are confronted with great challenges due to the new characteristics of platform work.However,this concept and theory are very flexible and adaptable and therefore are not completely out of date and still applicable to platform work.At the same time,in light of the new characteristics of platform work,the method of determination of labor relations should be updated and improved.As for the status of platform workers,it should be determined on the basis of all facts and factors in each individual case and the difference between different groups of workers in the same platform or different platforms,and more emphasis should be put on the substantive nature of "subordination" ,rather than its form.Moreover,the working time and income source of platform workers,and the necessity of social protection for them should also be taken into account.China can define the concept and multi-factor test of determination of labor relations in the judicial interpretation of the Supreme Peoples Court.At present,it is not necessary to formulate specific labor law rules for platform workers due to the complexity and divergence in online platform work.In addition to labor law,social insurance system,regulation of platform and other measures should be put in place to protect platform workers.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期1546-1569,共24页
Peking University Law Journal
关键词
劳动关系
互联网平台
平台工人
劳动关系认定
Labor Relations
Online Platform
Platform Workers
Determination of Labor Relations
