摘要
倍性育种技术主要包括单倍体技术和多倍体技术,是植物新品种和新的种质资源培育的重要途径。单倍体技术主要是采用雌核途径和雄核途径人工诱导植物单倍体植株,多倍体技术主要采用物理和化学的方法诱导植物多倍体植株,采用现代生物技术如组织培养技术对诱导的植株加以培养,并运用形态学、细胞学或分子生物学手段对所诱导植株的倍性进行鉴定,多倍体和单倍体在植物遗传分析、育种、基因克隆等领域已得到广泛应用,也是果树遗传育种的主要方式。本综述对果树多倍体和单倍体产生途径和鉴定方法进行了阐述和总结,并对果树倍性研究存在的问题进行了简要的分析与展望。
The ploidy breeding technology mainly includes haploid technology and polyploid technology, which is an important way for breeding new plant varieties and new germplasm resources. Haploid technique is mainly used to induce haploid plants by female and male nuclear pathways, while polyploid technology is mainly used to induce polyploid plants by physical and chemical methods. The induced plants were cultured by using modern biological techniques such as plant tissue culture, and the plant ploidy was identified by morphological, cytological or molecular biological methods. Polyploids and haploids have been widely used in plant genetic analysis, breeding and gene cloning. Also, they are important approaches for the genetic breeding of fruit tree. In this review, the formation and identification methods of fruit tree haploid and polyploid were described and summarized, and the problems in fruit tree ploidy study were briefly analyzed and prospected.
作者
张宏宇
朱心慰
侯鹏奇
胡锐峰
黄玺
侯义龙
Zhang Hongyu;Zhu Xinwei;Hou Pengqi;Hu Ruifeng;Huang Xi;Hou Yilong(College of Life Science and Technology,Dalian University,Dalian,116622)
出处
《分子植物育种》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期606-611,共6页
Molecular Plant Breeding
基金
辽宁省自然科学基金指导性项目(20170540035)
大连市科技计划指导性项目(2015E21SF014)
辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201711258000049)共同资助
关键词
果树
单倍体
多倍体
倍性鉴定
Fruit tree
Haploid
Polyploid
Ploidy identification
