摘要
在矛盾式与潜藏式两类问题情境中,以高、低能力组大学生各20名为被试,用出声思维法考察问题发现的思维策略。根据大学生问题发现过程的出声思维报告,将思维策略分为信息搜寻、分析、推理、综合、联想、质疑、设置目标、修正、评价和元认知等10个类别,并进行人工编码与定量分析。结果显示:(1)问题发现中,情境特点影响学生的策略使用。矛盾式情境中,大学生使用信息搜寻、质疑等策略的频次显著高于潜藏式情境,潜藏式情境中使用分析、联想等策略的频次显著高于矛盾式情境;(2)高能力组大学生在综合、设置目标和修正等策略的使用上优于低能力组学生,这三类策略是进行问题发现思维训练需要重点关注的策略。
40 students were tested in individual experiments by means of thinking aloud. The strategies of thinking in the process of problem finding were compared between the contradictory situations and the potential situations. the strategies of thinking were classified in ten kinds,including information searching,analysis,reasoning,synthesis,association,query,object- establishing,correction,appraisement and metacognition. The results showed,The strategies of information searching and query were used more frequently in the contradictory situations than in the potential situations. The strategies of analysis and association were used more frequently in the potential situations than in the contradictory situations. The strategies of synthesis,object- establishing,and correction were used more frequently in high- level students than in the low- level students. We should pay more attention to the three strategies in problem- finding training.
出处
《心理学探新》
CSSCI
2014年第4期365-371,共7页
Psychological Exploration
基金
广东省学位与研究生教育改革研究项目
关键词
问题发现
思维策略
矛盾式情境
潜藏式情境
出声思维
problem finding
the strategy of thinking
contradictory situation
potential situation
think aloud
