摘要
为探明氮钾肥施用方法对烤烟生长和土壤无机氮含量的影响,采用大田试验,设置不同氮钾肥基追比例及钾肥于旺长期-圆顶期对水淋施处理,研究了不同氮钾肥施用方法对烤烟农艺性状和植烟土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量的影响。结果表明：施足基肥有助于烟苗团棵期的生长发育,硝酸钾肥对水淋施能显著提高烟株旺长期和圆顶期各项农艺指标,促进上部烟叶开片,但氮钾追肥比例过大（50%~70%的烟草专用肥在大培土时追施）不利于烟叶的正常落黄。综合来看,烟草专用肥以7∶3基追比例施用＋硝酸钾肥于旺长期-圆顶期分3次对水淋施处理效果最佳;硝酸钾肥于旺长期-圆顶期对水淋施能显著提高移栽后7~11周植烟土壤0~20cm土层的硝态氮含量,且其随着烟草专用肥追肥比例的增大而增加。移栽后7~11周,0~20cm土层铵态氮含量随着烟草专用肥追肥比例的增加而增加,但受硝酸钾肥追施影响不明显。烟草专用肥基追比例7∶3,配合硝酸钾肥于旺长期-圆顶期对水淋施对烟株生长的促进效果最佳,并不同程度地影响土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量。
In order to ascertain the effect of N and K fertilizer applied methods on flue-cured tobacco growth and soil inorganic nitrogen content,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of N and K fertilizer applied methods on flue-cured agronomic characters and NO-3-N and NH＋4-N contents by setting different dressing proportion of N and K,and KNO3 diluted separately several times in vigorous growth stage and round top stage.Results showed that adequate basal fertilizer contributed to tobacco grouping in resettling stage,diluted KNO3 could significantly improve flue-cured tobacco agronomic characters and promote upper leaves opening.But topdressing ratio too much（50%to 70%tobacco specific fertilizer applied in earthing up stage）was not conducive to tobacco normal yellowing.In all respects,the treatment that base and topdressing ratio was 7∶3,and all KNO3 was diluted separately for three times during the vigorous growth stage to round top stage was most effective.KNO3 diluted in vigorous growth stage and round top stage could significantly increase NO-3-N content in 0-20 cm soil layer and the content increased with the increase of tobacco special fertilizer topdressing proportion during7th-11 th weeks after tobacco transplanting.NH＋4-N content in 0-20 cm increased with the increase of tobacco special fertilizer topdressing proportion during 7th-11 th weeks after tobacco transplanting,but was less affected by KNO3 diluted in vigorous growth stage and round top stage.So,the treatment that base and topdressing ratio was 7∶3,and KNO3 diluted was also applied during the vigorous growth stage to round top stage was most effective for improving fluecured tobacco growth,and also influenced NO-3-N and NH＋4-N contents of soil in different degrees.
出处
《河南农业科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第8期39-44,共6页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省烟草公司重大面上项目(HYKJ2010M01)
关键词
烤烟
氮肥
钾肥
施肥方法
农艺性状
硝态氮
铵态氮
flue-cured tobacco
nitrogen fertilizer
potash fertilizer
fertilizer applied method
agronomic characters
nitrate-N
ammonium-N
