摘要
一些海洋微藻能分泌产生藻毒素,滤食性的双壳贝类食用有毒的浮游微藻并在体内累积藻毒素,进而引发贝类食用者或其它高等级动物中毒或死亡。脂溶性藻毒素是一些易溶于有机溶剂、因而易富集于动物脂肪组织中的微藻毒素,通常包含6大类,每种类均包括众多结构。使用高效液相色谱结合串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)技术方法,研究了来自中国沿海55个站位的34种贝类中脂溶性藻毒素的种类结构及分布。结果表明,在中国沿海多种双壳贝类体内,存在多种脂溶性藻毒素组份,包括软海绵酸毒素OA(Okadaic acid)、扇贝毒素PTXs(Pectenotoxin)、原多甲藻酸Azaspiracid(AZAs)毒素、虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs(Yesssotoxin)、环亚胺类毒素(Cyclic imines)中的Gymnodimine(GYM)和Spiroloides(SPX)毒素;其中南部海域的广东、广西和海南,主要以环亚胺类毒素GYM为主;北黄海主要以虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs为主,且虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs只在黄海海域检出,特别是主要存在于北黄海的虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)和栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)中;渤海沿岸,主要分布有扇贝毒素PTXs;扇贝毒素PTXs和虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs含量和检出频率都比较高;扇贝毒素共发现三种结构,其中酸式结构PTX-2Sa的检出率最高(44%),最高值为53.2μg·kg-1;其次是环亚胺类毒素中的GYM毒素,检出率为35.3%,最高值为39.1μg·kg-1;虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs共发现三种结构,北黄海浮筏养殖虾夷扇贝中的虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs总量最高值出现在秋季的9月份;中国北黄海虾夷扇贝中YTXs毒素长年存在,秋季含量较高。微藻毒素的分布取决于产毒微藻的分布,目前中国贝类中的这三种主要微藻毒素的生物学来源还尚未确定。简言之,中国海产贝类中存在扇贝毒素PTXs、虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs和环亚胺类毒素等多种脂溶性微藻毒素,尽管本次研究的含量水平还没有超过国际规定的食用安全阈值,但海产贝类藻毒素食用安全不容乐观,相关部门需加强监管,加大力度实施贝毒和有毒微藻监测计划,以保障中国水产养殖经济的可持续发展和人们健康。
A number of marine microalgae are known to produce toxins that can accumulate in shellfish, leading to food poisons and potentially fatal reactions of humans and other mammals consuming the contaminated shellfish. Lipophilic phycotoxins are dissolvable in organic solvents, and easily accumulated in animal adipose tissue. There are six common types lipophilic phycotoxins with variety of structures for each. This paper reported the profiles and distributions of lipophilic phycotoxins in 34 bivalve species from 55 stations along the coasts of China. Multiple types of lipophilic phycotoxins were detected in the bivalves along the coasts of China through the HPLC-MS/MS method, including Okadaic acid （OA）, Pectenotoxin （PTXs）, Azaspiracid （AZAs）, Yessotoxin （YTXs）、Gymnodimine（GYM） and Spiroloides（SPX）etc. GYM was mostly observed in the coastal water of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan in South China Sea;YTXs, mainly present in Patinopecten yessoensis and Chlamys farreri, were detected only in Yellow Sea; while PTXs were mostly from the coast of Bohai. We observed three structures of PTXs, among which, the one had highest positive rate of 44% and maximum tissue concentration of 53.2 μg·kg^-1 were PTX-2Sa; In terms of positive rate and tissue concentration, GYM （35.3%,39.1 μg·kg^-1） followed PTX-2Sa. Similarly, three structures of YTXs were detected. And YTXs were present in the tissues of Patinopecten yessoensis in northern Yellow Sea throughout the year with a peak concentration in September. The geographic distributions of phycotoxins could be depended on the presence of toxic algae, while it was still unclear about the biological source of these three common lipophilic phycotoxins detected in the shellfish in China. Although the level of lipophilic phycotoxins in this study were lower than the regulated limitation for food safety, the work here reported the wide presence of variety of phycotoxins in the shellfish along the coasts of China, posing potential health risks for shellfish consumers in these regions. We recommend the great effort should be paid on monitoring of algae toxins and toxin-producing algae to ensure the risk of bivalve consumption is managed.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第8期1320-1326,共7页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41176086
41276099)
海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305010)
国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)(2010CB428706)
