摘要
【目的】为新疆核桃叶缘焦枯生理病害的防控提供依据。【方法】通过对叶面喷施生理调控剂、土壤调控、叶面喷生理调控剂+土壤调控、对照等4个处理的防控效果试验,研究不同防控处理对核桃病害发生程度、核桃商品性、叶片矿质元素含量和元素比例的影响。【结果】各防控处理对降低核桃病害发生程度、提高核桃商品性、减少叶片中离子失衡,具有显著效果。叶面喷生理调节剂+土壤调控处理的效果最好,可使叶片Na+含量降低18.8%、Ca2+含量提高7.4%、Cl-含量降低16.3%、Na/K比降低36.0%、Na/Ca比降低24.2%、Cl/N比降低19.4%;与对照相比,增产36.8%,黑缩果率减少70.1%,商品率提高36.4%,增加经济效益1 456元/667m2。叶面喷生理调节剂+土壤调控处理的防效为89.9%,叶面喷生理调节剂的防效为80.1%,土壤调控的防效为63.2%。【结论】叶面喷生理调节剂和土壤调控各处理可有效降低病叶发生率,减少焦枯病斑面积占比,降低病情指数;可显著提高核桃单产,减少黑缩果率,提高商品率;减少Na+和Cl-向叶片富集,防止核桃叶片中矿质元素比例失衡,减轻"叶缘焦枯病"症状及危害。
[Objective] In order to provide the basis for prevention and control of Xinjiang walnut ＂ leaf margin scorch＂ physiological disease.[Method] The effect of different prevention treatments on extent of disease occurrence,commodity,leaf mineral element content and element proportions in walnut were studied by experiments of foliar spray physiological regulator,soil control,foliar spray physiological regulator ＋ soil control and contrast.[Result] Each disease prevention and control processing to reduce the extent of walnut disease oeeurrenee,improve walnut commodity and reduce leaf ion imbalance had a significant effect.Foliar spray physiological regulator ＋ soil control was the best,and can reduce leaf Na-ion content by 18.8%,increase leaf Ca-ion content by 7.4%,decrease leaf Cl-ion content by 16.3%,decrease leaf Na/K ratio by 36.0%,decrease leaf Na/Ca ratio by 24.2%,reduce leaf Cl/N ratio by19.4%,increase production by 36.8%,reduce black shrink fruit rate by 70.1%,raise commodity rate by 36.4% and increase economic efficiency by 1456 RMB per 667 m^2 compared with the contrast.Prevention effect of foliar spray physiological regulator ＋ soil control,foliar spray physiological regulator,soil control was respectively 89.9%,80.1% and 63.2%.[Conclusion] Each treatment of foliar spray physiological regulator and soil control can effectively reduce the incidence of diseased leaves,reduce leaves scorch lesion area proportion,reduce the disease index,significantly increase walnut production,reduce black shrink fruit rate,raise commodity rate,reduce Na-ion and Cl-ion accumulation to the leaves,effectively prevent mineral elements imbalance in the walnut leaves,and mitigate the ＂leaf margin scorch disease＂ symptoms and damage.
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第9期1652-1657,共6页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆自治区科技支撑计划(201131111)
关键词
核桃
叶缘焦枯病
防控效果
walnut
leaf margin scorch disease
prevention effect
