摘要
为研究兰州地区滴滴涕(DDT)对人群的健康风险,应用改进的美国环境保护局(USEPA)多介质暴露模型,结合兰州地区人群状况,计算了各年龄人群通过13种暴露途径对DDT的暴露量。结果表明,兰州地区居民对环境中DDT终身日平均暴露量为9.20×10-4mg/(kg·d)(儿童)和5.25×10-4mg/(kg·d)(成人)。暴露途径中食物暴露为主导,其次是呼吸暴露,皮肤暴露作用很小。食物中贡献较大的为谷物和蔬菜。相应的健康风险度分别为1.27×10-7a-1(男性)和1.47×10-7a-1(女性)。兰州地区滴滴涕(DDT)居民人体健康风险度低于可接受健康风险度标准,兰州地区滴滴涕(DDT)人群暴露水平与天津、太原、太湖区域相比存在一定的差异,女性对滴滴涕(DDT)的暴露量高于男性。兰州人群的滴滴涕(DDT)暴露量为儿童大于成人,儿童是滴滴涕(DDT)暴露风险最高的群体。各项参数中,粮食和蔬菜摄食量和相应的滴滴涕(DDT)残留浓度是影响暴露的重要因素。通过蒙特卡罗模拟得到各年龄段人群对滴滴涕(DDT)的日均暴露量的分布特征,各输出变量均服从对数正态分布。
The present paper aims at presenting a health-hazard assessment method based on our work in the efforts to provide a quantitative description and analysis of the relation between DDT and human health. To study the risk of DDT for public health in Lanzhou, Gansu, we have taken into full account the public health conditions in Lanzhou, with the exposure of DDT to the residents of all the ages via the 13 kinds of exposure channels with an improved multi-media exposure model from U. S. Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） . In our assessment practice, we have also used some assessment parameters provided by EPA based on the conditions of the assessed area, in which some other parameters were modified in accordance with the related domestic literatures. The results show that the lifetime average daily exposure of residents in Lanzhou to DDT in the environment were worked out at about 9.20 × 10^-4 mg/（kg＂ d） （for children） and 5.25 × 10^-4 mg/（kg d） （for adults）. Of such exposures, food exposure should be taken as the chief channel of exposure, followed by the respiratory systems, however, the skin contact may have little effect. Since food is the main route of DDT exposure to humans, most of the dietary intake is coming from the grain and vegetable with DDT contents in. The statistic records tell us that the corresponding health risk rates in general intake in Lanzhou account for 1.27 × 10^-7a- 1 （males） and 1.47 × 10^-7a- 1 （females）, respectively, however, the health risk brought about by DDT exposure for the residents in Lanzhou seems lower than the standard acceptable health risks in comparison with that in Tianjin, Taiyuan and Taihu Lake region, for there exists another picture with the residents of Lanzhou, who have to be subject to the high-level of public exposure to DDT, with women more seriously than men. What is more, DDT exposure to children tends to be higher than that to adults, for they are subject to the highest risk of DDT exposure. Of the various parameters, the grain and vegetable intake and the residual concentration of DDT intake are important factors affecting exposure. And, finally, we have gained the distribution characteristics of the daily DDT exposure to the people of all ages via Monte Carlo simulation. All the output variables prove to be consistent with the registration and calculation of the lognormal distribution.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第6期237-240,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41201536
41075103)
2013年度兰州大学"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"重大需求培育项目(lzujbky-2013-m03)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类资助课题(20120211110018)
西北民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(31920130040)
西北民族大学医学院"西北少数民族人群体质与疾病研究"科研创新团队研究专项经费项目
关键词
环境科学技术基础学科
健康风险评价
兰州市
滴滴涕
basic disciplines of environmental science and technology
health hazards assessment
Lanzhou City
DDT
