摘要
古今字观念形成于东汉时期。较早论述这一现象的学者是郑众,他已使用＂古字＂＂今字＂对举的方式来表述古今字关系,并且对古今字的内涵做了基本界定。郑玄在古今字的理论阐述上并未超过郑众,但他首次使用了＂古今字＂这个组合术语,并扩充了具体古今字例的分析。郑众和郑玄所谓的古今字,是指不同时代记录同一词项通行用不同字的现象。古字和今字之间同义、同音但不同字。郑玄等人注释中的＂古＂＂今＂、＂古文＂＂今文＂有多种涵义和所指,或沟通古今字,或注释古今语,或校勘版本异文,其实各自所使用的表述方式和措词并不完全相同,应该注意分辨,以免误解、误用、误评。
The concept Gujinzi was formed in the period of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zheng Zhong（郑众） discussed this phenomenon earlierly;He expressed the relations between Gujinzi by indicating Guzi （古字） and Jinzi （今字） simultaneous, and defined the basic connotation of gujinzi too.Zheng Xuan（郑玄） didn＇ t surpass Zheng Zhong in the exposition of Gujinzi, but he used the combinational terminology Gujinzi firstly, and extended the concreteanalysis on Gujinzi examples. In the view of Zheng Zhong and Zheng Xuan, Gujinzi is the phenomenon that using different characters to record the same lexical item in different period. Guzi and Jinzi record the same meaning, have the same pronunciation, but not the same character. The meaning and signified of Gu（古 ） ,Jin（今） , Guwen（古文） , Jinwen（今文） are multiple. They were used to communicate Gujinzi or annotate Gujinyu（古今语） or collate the different text, and they were always explained by different formulations and phrases. We should differentiate them carefully so as to correctly understand, use and comment as well.
关键词
古今字
郑众
郑玄
古文
今文
古今语
版本校勘
Gujinzi
Zheng Zhong
Zheng Xuan
Guwen
Jinwen
Gujinyu
collation of version
