摘要
大气CO2浓度升高影响寄主植物的营养而间接影响节肢动物外,还直接影响许多昆虫的生长发育和繁殖。为探讨大气CO2浓度升高对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)生长发育和繁殖的影响,在CDCC-1型密闭式动态CO2气室内研究了当前大气CO2浓度375μl/L及大气CO2浓度分别升高0.5倍和1倍,即达到550μL/L和750μL/L条件下人工饲料饲养亚洲玉米螟实验种群生命表及其营养效应指标。结果表明,大气CO2浓度分别升高到550μL/L和750μL/L时,亚洲玉米螟幼虫成活率分别降低3.0%和8.9%;幼虫、蛹和成虫体重则没有显著差异;在750μL/L CO2浓度下幼虫和蛹历期分别显著延长13.1%和25.8%。虽然单雌产卵量和净增值率(R0)在大气高CO2浓度下有增加趋势,但未达到显著性差异。与当前大气CO2浓度相比,高CO2浓度下玉米螟的取食量分别增加9.1%和34.0%,排粪量分别增加42.3%和42.0%。
The level of atmospheric CO2 has risen from 280μL/L to 360μL/L following the industrial revolution, engendering a critical shift in global biogeochemical cycles. This level of CO2 is anticipated to double by the end of this century. By altering the chemical composition of foliage, the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels may fundamentally alter the relationships between insect herbivores and their host plants. In addition to the elevated CO2 levels affecting arthropods indirectly by altering chemical components of the host plants, many insects and arthropods respond directly to the increase in atmospheric CO2 level. The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée） （Lepidoptera： Crambidae）, is a key pest of maize production and causes 10%-30% yield losses of in most maze production areas in China. The response of O. furnacalis to elevated CO2 levels will affect the population dynamics and its damage to the maize plants. Direct effects of enriched atmospheric CO2 levels on growth, development and fecundity of the Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis, were assessed the insects have been reared on the artificial diet. The effects were examined in the closed-dynamic CO2 chamber （CDCC-1） under either ambient （375 μL/L） and elevated CO2 levels （i.e., 550 μL/L and 750 μL/L, respectively）. When compared with ambient CO2 level, the survival rates of the larvae were decreased by 3.0% and 8.9% under the two elevated CO2 levels, respectively. In addition, the mortality was higher during the first and second instars reared under elevated CO2 （750 μL/L） than ambient （375 μL/L）. However, there were no significant differences among the mortalities of the third and later instar larvae reared either under ambient or the elevated CO2 levels （550 μL/L and 750 μL/L）. There were no significant differences in the larval, pupal, and adult weight among the ambient and the two elevated CO2 treatments. However, the durations of larval and pupal development were significantly prolonged respectively by 13.1% and 25.8% at 750 μL/L level of elevated CO2 when compared with the ambient CO2 level, which led to the longer generation time. The mean generation time （T） significantly prolonged by 5.3% and 11.7%, respectively under the two elevated CO2 level treatments. Therefore, the innate rate of increase （rm） and finite increase rate （λ） were significantly decreased, which led to the double population time （t） prolonged 9.1%. Although the number of eggs oviposited per female and the net reproductive rate （R0） increased under the treatments with the elevated CO2 levels when compared with the ambient CO2 level, the difference was not statistically significant among the three CO2 treatments. When compared with the ambient CO2 level, the larvae consumed significantly more artificial diet （9.1% and 34.0%） and or excreted significantly more frass （42.3% and 42.0%） under the two elevated CO2 treatments, 550 μL/L and 750 μL/L, respectively. The results from this study indicate that the exposure to elevated CO2： a） significantly increase larval and pupal development time of O. furnacalis, which result in the significantly decrease of the innate rate of increase （rm） for the population; b） increase larval mortality, but the third and latter instar larvae were more tolerant to the elevated CO2 than the younger ones; and c） significantly increase food consumption, which may have led to more serious insect damage to the host plants in nature under elevated CO2 levels than ambient CO2 level.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期885-891,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家973项目《气候变化介导的农业灾变时空演化规律研究》(2010CB951503)
关键词
亚洲玉米螟
大气二氧化碳
直接影响
生命表
Ostrinia furnacalis
atmospheric carbon dioxide
direct effect
life table
