摘要
划定生态保护红线是国土规划的一项重要内容。文章将生物多样性保护、洪水调蓄、水土保持、水源涵养和荒漠化防治等作为省级尺度国土空间核心生态问题,从生态安全格局维持角度,通过"自上而下"的国土空间生态安全骨架分析和基于遥感与GIS的"自下而上"定量评价,以湖南省为案例探索国土空间生态保护红线划定。通过单要素低、中、高3种划分情景分析发现,湖南省生物多样性保护格局需要在现有保护区的基础上加强生态廊道的保护;洪水调蓄主要以洞庭湖及其淹没区为主;水源涵养能力较强的地区主要是东部、西部和南部的大型山脉地带,中北部的丘陵平原地区相对较弱;水土流失强度较大的区域主要集中于西部的武陵、雪峰、罗霄等山脉,尤其是大型山脉向丘陵平原过渡地带。基于单要素生态评价的综合划分结果显示,湖南省约有50%的国土空间具有重要生态安全维持功能,且红线范围打破了县级行政区划界限,强调生态保护的自然地理界线,呈空间网状分布的红线格局符合湖南省"一湖三山四水"的生态安全战略构想。
It is very import to delimitate red line of ecological protection for territorial spatial planning. This paper proposed a quantitative framwork to delimit red line of ecological protection. First, we defined biodiversity, flood storage, conservation of water and soil, headwater conservation and desertification control as the main factors to ecological problems at the provincial scale. Then, based on the theories of ecological service and security, core elements were chosen for analyzing the ecological problems referring to the requirements of macro decision-making, participatory ＂bottom-up＂ method was further utilized to map the ecological red line. In this model, main ecological problems and most sensitive areas in territorial space were identified by the means of ＂top-down＂ method. And then the red line of ecological protection was delimitated by using ＂bottom-up＂ model integrating GIS with RS. Hunan Province was selected as the case study area to delimit the red line of ecological protection using the proposed framework. Three scenarios（i.e. ecological protection at low level, at medium level, and at high level, respectively） were set for analyzing the distribution of each individual ecological element. Results indicate that medium-level protection scenario is befitting for delimiting red line from the perspective of biodiversity. Ecological corridors is required to be further conserved on the basis of present conservation areas; whereas low-level protection scenario was selected for flood storage, Dongting Lake and its inundated area should be included in the protection region; and the spatial pattern of headwater conservation shows great difference. The large-scale mountains in the east, west and south parts have high values while the hills in the central part as well as the plain in the north show low values of headwater conservation; As for conservation of water and soil, mountains such as the Wuling, Xuefeng in the west and the Luoxiao in the east, which are especially the transitional zones to plain, are the areas accompanied with frequent water and soil erosion. With the consideriation of evaluation results above, the red line of ecological protection in Hunan Province was generated. Approximately 50% of the total area is classified into the scope of the red line, which plays important roles in ecological security. The red line breaks the administrative boundaries of counties to some extent, but keeps the integrality of physical geographic boundaries and particularly lays stress on ecological protection. The delimited region of the red line presents a network pattern in the space and conforms to the strategic layout of ＂one lake, three mountains and four rivers＂ of the province. The delimitation results of Hunan Province demonstrate that the method can obtain a reasonable spatial pattern for ecological protection at provincial scale.
出处
《热带地理》
2015年第1期43-50,共8页
Tropical Geography
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"国土空间综合分区智能化与规划实施综合评估关键技术"(2012BAB11B04)
关键词
国土规划
省级尺度
生态保护红线
GIS
遥感
湖南省
territorial spatial planning
ecological protection red line
GIS
RS
Hunan Province
