摘要
目的了解广东省湛江市狂犬病的发病特征,探讨狂犬病的防治策略和措施。方法根据全市疫情报告资料、专题总结资料、狂犬病个案调查表,对湛江市2000-2012年狂犬病病例调查资料进行分析。结果 12年合计发病死亡186例;年发病率介于0.02/10万~0.58/10万;男性139例,女性47例;发病以农村地区散发为主,廉江市疫情最严重,发病122例占全市的65.6%;职业分布以农民（59.7%）,学生（25.3%）,儿童（12.9%）为主;发病年龄以0~14岁儿童（33.3%）和50岁以上老年人（40.3%）为主;被犬伤者171例（91.9%）,被猫伤者10例（5.4%）,伤人动物不详者5例（2.7%）;平均潜伏期47 d,平均病程3 d;被动物伤后167例（89.8%）未进行伤口处理和狂犬病疫苗接种,19例（10.2%）进行伤口处理并接种疫苗（其中4例全程接种）。结论湛江市狂犬病发病以农村地区散发为主,年龄以老人和儿童发病为多,多数患者被犬伤后伤口未处理、未接种狂犬病疫苗;应加强卫生宣教和狂犬疫苗的流通管理,规范处理伤口和免疫预防,减免农民接种狂犬疫苗费用是控制疫情的有力措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Zhanjiang city from 2000 to2012,and thus to explore the effectively countermeasures. Methods Rabies data during 2000-2012 were collected in terms of epidemic reports,special summaries and individual case survey,and were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 186 rabies cases were reported during this period. The incidence rates ranged in0. 02-0. 58 /105. The number of male cases were 139 and the female were 47. The cases distributed mainly in rural area,with the most in Lianjiang city,accounting for 65. 6% of the total. The cases were mainly farmers（ 59. 75%）,followed by students（ 25. 3%） and children（ 12. 9%）. The age of the cases were mainly over50 years（ 40. 3%）,followed by 0- 14 years old（ 33. 3%）. Among the 186 cases,171（ 91. 9%） were wounded by dog and 10（ 5. 4%） by cat,the rest 5（ 2. 7%） were unidentified. The median incubation period and disease interval were 47 days and 3 days,respectively. The cases number without wound managementor vaccination were 167,accounting for 89. 8%. Ninety cases（ 102%） were treated with wound management and vaccine,of which 4 cases were treated whole course vaccination. Conclusion The rabies cases in Zhanjiang City rural areas disseminated in rural area and are mainly children and the elderly. Most of the cases receive no ornonstandard treatment. Thus,targeted health education,management of vaccines,standardized wound disposal and immunization,as well as abating the vaccine charges from farmer cases are recommended as key countermeasures.
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
CAS
2015年第4期294-296,共3页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
