摘要
本文基于1994-2012年省际面板数据和通过熵值法计算得到的环境污染综合指数,运用环境投入产出模型对中国财政分权与环境污染之间的关系进行实证分析。研究发现:财政分权与环境污染排放呈负相关。从地区角度来看,意味着我国财政分权度高的东部地区拥有充足的环境治理资金,从而可以有效控制并减少环境污染。此外,随着东部地区大部分污染产业向中西部转移,环境污染排放量进一步减少。与此同时,财政分权度较低的中西地区财政资金相对匮乏,企图通过承接产业转移以发展经济会因为高负荷的环境污染治理成本而难以实现。从环境污染性质来看,研究发现前一期污染排放与当期污染排放呈正相关,即环境污染是一个连续、累积的过程,而合理的财政分权可以促使当地政府及时治理当期污染,从而避免环境污染的"棘轮效应",实现经济社会持续发展。另一方面,我国粗放型经济发展模式使得拉动经济增长的因素也相应影响了环境污染排放。研究表明,扩大出口会加速环境污染排放,而增加进口有利于减少环境污染排放。因此,引进国外先进的最终产品不仅可以替代国内生产的污染,而且其带来的技术效应与示范效应会加快出口部门转型,推动绿色生产。研究还发现,消费并不会导致环境污染排放增加,因此不能"因噎废食"地抑制消费来解决环境污染问题。此外,资本存量的增加将促进环境污染排放,并且资本投入比重变化的速率与环境污染呈倒U型关系,地方政府应该保持一个合理的资本增长速度。
The article adopts environmental input-output model,based on 1994- 2012 annual inter-provincial panel data and the comprehensive environmental pollution index calculated by entropy method,to make the empirical research on the relation between fiscal decentralization and environmental pollution. This study indicates： fiscal decentralization and environmental pollution emission are negatively correlated. First,in the view of region it means that the eastern region with higher degree of fiscal decentralization has plenty of environmental governance funds and consequently can effectively controls and diminishes pollution. Furthermore,in process of most polluting industries transferring from eastern region to central and western regions,the emissions in eastern region keeps diminishing. Meanwhile,the central and western regions with lower degree of fiscal decentralization are short of environmental governance funds. In these regions,the purpose of economic development by means of undertaking industrial transfer is hardly fulfilled owing to the extremely high cost of environmental governance. Second,considering the features of pollution,the research suggests the former phase of pollution emissions is positively correlated with the current phase of emissions. Namely environmental pollution is a continuous and cumulative process,thus reasonable fiscal decentralization can prompt local government to govern the current phase of pollution and avoid the Ratcheting Effect of environmental pollution. On the other side,when the extensive economic development model pulled economic growth,it also increased the emissions. The research indicates that export expansion accelerates the emissions,while import augment is conducive to emission reduction. Accordingly,introducing foreign advanced final products can not only substitute the pollution discharged by domestic manufacturers,but accelerate export departments transformation and propel green production due to the technical effect and demonstration effect bringing by it. The research also shows that consumption does not accelerate environmental pollution emissions. That＇s why we cannot choose consumption restraining as an option to solve environmental pollution problems. In addition,growth of capital stock will increase environmental pollution emissions and the change rate of investment proportion displays an inverted U-shaped relation with the environmental pollution. So we suggest local government should maintain a reasonable speed for capital growth.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期110-117,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目"我国再生资源产业顶层设计与发展实现路径研究"(编号:12&ZD209)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目"碳减排与经济增长的最优耦合测度及差别化减排方案设计"(编号:2012M511898)
重庆市博士后研究人员科研项目特别资助"城乡统筹发展进程中环境保护法制完善研究"(编号:XM20120024)
关键词
财政分权
环境污染
投入产出模型
熵值法
fiscal decentralization
environmental pollution
input-output model
entropy method
