摘要
桑椹肥大性菌核病是果桑生产中常见的桑椹菌核病之一。采用多年、多地随机抽样的方法调查桑椹肥大性菌核病的发生率及严重程度,并根据调查点的土壤病原菌留存、气象条件（降雨及湿度）、果桑品种及栽植密度和树型养成等分析与病害发生有关的因素;选择常用的6种农用杀菌剂,通过对桑树喷雾和土壤灭菌2种施药方法,调查供试杀菌剂对病害的防治效果。调查结果显示桑椹肥大性菌核病具有群体发病的特点,当桑园土壤存在的大量越冬病原菌（桑实杯盘菌Ciboria shiraiana）的子囊孢子萌发期与桑树开花期一致时,病原菌的孢子能很快侵染传播;种植易感病果桑品种和桑树开花前后2个月田间适温（逐渐升温）多湿（RH〉80%）,会明显增加病害的发生及传播机率;栽植密度大及低干养成果桑的发病率较高。在始花期连续3次喷施多菌灵、甲基托布津、腐霉利、菌核净等杀菌剂对桑椹肥大性菌核病的大田防治效果为53.26%-64.24%,内吸性杀菌剂与保护性杀菌剂混配使用具有增效作用;在3月上旬采取土壤施药（40%五氯硝基苯或80%多菌灵）杀菌的方法也能达到良好的防治效果。
Mulberry fruit hypertrophic sclerote disease is a common mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis happening in mulberry fruit production. We investigated the incidence rate and severity of mulberry fruit hypertrophic sclerote disease in multiple years and locations randomly. We also analyzed the factors that influenced disease incidence by obtaining retained soil pathogens,climate conditions（ rainfall and humidity）,mulberry varieties,planting density and tree shape in surveyed locations. Based on the analyses,we chose six kinds of common agricultural fungicides and two kinds of application methods（ mulberry spray and soil sterilization） to investigate the control effect of these fungicides on mulberry fruit hypertrophic sclerote disease. The results showed that mulberry fruit hypertrophic sclerote disease had a group-occurrence characteristic. When the germination stage of wintering pathogenic fungi（ Ciboria shiraiana） conidium was consistent with mulberry flowering period,pathogen spores spread rapidly. In addition,we planted susceptible mulberry varietiesunder the condition of two-month period around flowering which had a proper temperature（ gradually warming）and humidity（ RH 80%）,thus it accelerated the occurrence and spread of disease. The incidence rate of mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis disease was high in mulberry gardens growing the mulberry trees of high planting density and low-trunk. The field control effect ranged from53. 26% to 64. 24% at the beginning of flowering after spraying with carbendazim, mildothane, procymidone,dimetachlone continuously for 3 times. The mixed use of systemic pesticides and protective fungicide had an enhanced effect. At the beginning of March,it achieved a good control effect by spraying 40% pentachloronitrobenzene or 80%carbendazim onto mulberry field soil.
出处
《蚕业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期226-233,共8页
ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA
基金
陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(No.2014KTCL02-01)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-22)
西北农林科技大学推广专项(No.XTG2012)
陕西省茧丝绸行业发展专项(No.2011)
关键词
桑椹肥大性菌核病
果桑品种
气象条件
发病率
杀菌剂
大田防治
Mulberry fruit hypertrophic sclerote disease
Mulberry variety for fruit use
Meteorological condition
Morbidity
Fungicide
Field control
