摘要
为明确北京市平原地区生态空间的时空演变特点,并在首都平原百万亩造林工程实施背景下判定其调控关键区,本文基于3S(RS、GIS、GPS)技术和景观分析方法对这一区域1992—2013年的相关变化进行了研究。结果表明:1992—2013年,平原区生态空间比例由53.20%下降至40.97%,人均生态空间由360.61 m2下降至132.15 m2;自中心城区向郊区,生态空间比例逐渐升高,斑块也更加聚集,但这种城郊差距呈现逐渐缩小的趋势;22年来,平原区南部和东南部生态空间有较大缩减,三环附近破碎化趋势较严重,五六环之间人均生态空间降低明显,平原区乡镇/街道区域生态空间组成整体由草地-作物主导向林灌木主导演变。城市化导致的建成区扩张,人口增长和郊区耕地的转移、覆膜化可能是导致平原区生态空间负向演变的主要原因,城市林业建设对生态骨架的维持和重构起到了一定积极作用。首都平原百万亩造林工程的实施为其生态空间调控提供了新的契机,但在增加森林的同时,也需注重水体和农田的保护。
In order to understand the spatialtemporal change characteristics of ecological spaces in the plain areas of Beijing, and to identify places that are key for improvement during the largescale afforestation project, we studied the relevant variations of ecological spaces between 1992 and 2013 using 3S （RS, GIS and GPS） technology and landscape analysis methods. The results showed that the percentage of ecological space in Beijing’s plain areas dropped from 53.2% to 40.97% during this period. Per capita share of the ecological spaces also deceased from 360.61 m2 to 132.15 m2. From the city’s center to the suburb area, ecological spaces tended to be more abundant and aggregated, but this distribution gap seemed to be narrowed with time. Ecological spaces in the south and southeast of Beijing’s plain areas decreased dramatically during the past 22 years, as well as per capita share in the areas between the 5th and the 6th Ring Road. Ecological spaces along the 3rd Ring Road were highly fragmented. The main composition of ecological spaces within a 5 km radius circular area of separated towns or communities in Beijing’s plain areas gradually transformed from grasses/croplands into woods/shrubs during the 22 years. These changes might be driven by population explosion, urban sprawl, and the transformation of traditional croplands to plastic greenhouses or other land use types, while planting of urban forests in Beijing’s plain areas have continually made positive contributions to ecological spaces’ maintenance and restoration. The recent large-scale afforestation project in this area would provide a new golden opportunity for adjusting its ecological spaces. Besides, protection of water and croplands should also be emphasized along with increasing the forest cover.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期1427-1434,共8页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
北京市科技计划项目(Z121100008512002)
北京市教育委员会学科建设与研究生教育教设项目
产学研联合培养研究生基地项目(CXYBL2008-2010)资助
关键词
北京
平原造林
生态空间
演变
调控
Beijing
plain afforestation
ecological space
evolution
regulation.
