摘要
中国农业科技成果转化的特点明显,包括地域性特征明显、基础性与公益服务性突出、转化周期长、影响因素复杂、不确定性和风险大、转化受体类型多样、与发达国家相比具有存在现象的独特性等。中国农业科技成果转化也存在明显的问题,包括:成果的源头产出与供给不足;转化率不高与市场交易不活跃;成果产出主体从事转化的动力与能力不足;成果转化队伍整体素质不高;缺乏适应市场机制的专业化服务性中介队伍;转化受体对农业科技成果的依赖性和重视程度不够;政策法规制度的设计不健全等。文章提出了促进中国农业科技成果转化的发展对策,包括:增强农业科技成果的源头产出与供给能力;鼓励和发挥多种主体推进农业科技成果转化的积极性;提高农民和新型生产经营主体承接成果转化的积极主动性;完善政策法规体系建设和制度设计;加强服务性中介队伍建设,拓展并完善投融资渠道,构建信息服务平台;重点推进若干农业科技成果转化的技术体系建设与领域方向发展;以辩证、系统、开放的观点与态度推进农业科技成果转化。
The paper analyzes the characteristics of the agricultural scientific and technical achievements transformation in China. Achievements transformation is limited to regional areas due to different climatic and ecological as well as agricultural zones in China. Achievements transformation has the attribute of public welfare, and at the same time the transformation period is long. Influencing factors are complex which brings the transformation processes and results with uncertainty and high risk. There are various types of producers and managers of agriculture who undertake the achievements transformation. Unlike the developed countries of the world, achievements transformation itself is a unique phenomenon and should be emphasized in China because of loose connection between science and technology along with agricultural industry. Besides, a series of serious problems of agricultural achievements transformation in China are summarized. Problems include： lack of agricultural scientific and technical achievements output; low transformation rate and inactive market transaction; weak motivation and insufficient ability of agricultural scientists and engineers to engage in achievements transformation; low overall quality of agricultural technology extension agencies of the government; absence of professional and intermediary teams which can adapt to the market mechanism; agricultural producers and managers do not pay much attention to achievements transformation and their dependence on achievements transformation is not enough; and design of related policies and regulations system is not perfect. Finally, considerations and suggestions of development countermeasures on promoting the achievements transformation are given, which mainly includes： deepening science and technology system reformation for increasing achievements output and supply; encouraging scientists and engineers to transform their achievements; improving initiative and enthusiasm of agriculture producers and managers to accept and apply achievements transformation results; intensifying policies and regulations system construction; strengthening professional and intermediary teams construction; expanding investment and financing channels; constructing information system; selecting series of key and priority fields and strengthen technical system construction in these fields; and also taking dialectical, systematic, and open perspective to promote the achievements transformation.
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
CSCD
2015年第3期378-385,共8页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
关键词
农业
科技成果
成果转化
agriculture, scientific and technical achievements, achievements transformation
