摘要
为明确不同深耕方式和有机物料配施还田的改土效果,在黑龙江省安达市石灰性黑钙土上开展了深松、秸秆心土还田、秸秆心土还田＋鸡粪3种深耕处理对不同土层土壤物理性状影响的研究,并与常规耕作进行了比较。结果表明：耕层土壤三相比处理间变化无规律,20 cm以下土层秸秆心土还田处理和秸秆心土还田＋鸡粪处理降低土壤固相效果明显;深耕处理不同土层含水率均高于对照,其中〉30-50 cm土层差异明显;秸秆心土还田＋鸡粪处理有增加土壤孔隙率、孔隙比和土壤饱和导水率的效果;各深耕处理〉20-50 cm土层土壤容重和硬度与对照相比降低;深松处理增产效果不明显,秸秆心土还田处理比对照平均增产10.5%,秸秆心土还田＋鸡粪处理平均增产36.14%,该研究通过明确有机物料不同深耕改土措施对土壤物理性质的影响及与玉米产量的关系,为有机物料深耕还田改善石灰性黑钙土提供理论参考依据。
Effects of 3 deep tillage modes including deep loosing （DL）, tillage with straw return in subsoil （TSR） and tillage with straw and chicken manure return in subsoil （TSCR） on physical characters of different soil layers were studied at Calcic Chernozem in Anda City, Heilongjiang Province in order to explore the soil improvement effect of different deep tillage modes using the normal tillage （CK） as the control. TSR and TSCR were cultivated by soil replacement plough from proprietary research. The results of field experiment showed that the change of soil solid phase radio of each treatment was irregular in topsoil, and TSR and TSCR decreased obviously under 20 cm layer; water contents of different soil layers of the deep tillage treatments were all higher than that of CK treatment, the difference was obvious in 〉30-50 cm depth, and the order of soil water content was TSCR〉TSR〉DL〉CK; soil porosity of CK treatment was higher than deep tillage treatments in 0-20 cm, the order of soil porosity of the different treatments was TSCR〉 TSR〉 DL〉 CK, and the difference of soil pore ratio of different treatments was obvious in 〉20-50 cm soil layers; soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of each deep tillage treatment was higher than that of normal tillage, with the order of TSCR〉 DL〉TSR〉CK, and TSCR improved the soil porosity, pore ratio and saturated hydraulic conductivity; soil bulk density of CK treatment was lower than TSR and TSCR in 0-10 cm, but higher than TSR and TSCR in 〉10-20 cm, soil bulk density of TSR, TSCR and DL were all lower than that of CK in 〉20-50 cm depth, and TSCR was the lowest and the differences of each deep tillage treatment were obvious; the height, length and diameter of panicle, the weight of panicle and the seed yield of unit area were improved, the spike length was decreased in TSR and TSCR treatments, the yield change range was -1.93%-6.29%, and the average value of 2 years was 2.18%; the yield improvement of DL treatment was not obvious, the yield of TSR was improved by 9.79%-11.20% compared with CK treatment and the average value of 2 years was 10.5%, and the yield of TSCR was improved by 25.18%-47.10% compared with CK treatment with the two-year average value of 36.14%. The research provides the theoretical foundation for the improvement of Calcic Chernozem.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期161-166,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303126)
黑龙江省博士后基金(LBH-Z13189)
关键词
土壤
物理性状
农作物
产量
深耕
有机物料
改善
石灰性黑钙土
soils
physical performance
crops
yield
deep tillage
organic materials
improve
calcic chernozem
