摘要
目的了解兰州市区6～13岁学龄期儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的患病率及相关因素，为有效预防和治疗学龄期ADHD提供依据。方法分别在兰州市四区（城关、七里河、安宁、西固）采用Conners父母症状问卷（PSQ）对6～13岁学龄期儿童进行分层整群随机抽样调查。经PSQ筛查为阳性的儿童由小儿神经、心理行为专科医师排除智力障碍、合并其他神经或精神等疾病，依据美国精神病诊断统计手册第四版（DSMIV）诊断标准确诊ADHD；采用SPSSl7．0软件对家长填写的ADHD影响因素调查表进行统计学分析，完成ADHD相关因素调查。结果共发放调查问卷3826份，收回有效问卷3604份。其中男童1826人（50．7％），年龄（9．45±1．41）岁；女童1778人（49．3％），年龄（9．33±1．75）岁。ADHD总患病率为10．63％（383例），其中男童占13．91％高于女童的7．25％（X^2=36．982，P00．001）；6～7岁、8～9岁、10～11岁、12～13岁组患病率比较差异无统计学意义（X^2=2．225，P〉0．05）。ADHD各亚型的患病率：注意缺陷为主型（ADHDPI）7．13％、多动j冲动为主型（ADHDHI）1．02％、混合型（ADHIbCT）2．46％，各亚型的患病率比较差异有统计学意义（X^2=214．739，P〈0．001）。性别差异（男）、窒息史、中枢系统疾病史、语言发育史、学习成绩、孕期抑郁焦虑症、母孕期吸烟史、家庭经济收入、母亲的年龄和文化程度、父母与子女的关系、儿童零食/冷饮习惯、儿童日常生活习惯/体育锻炼习惯、以及儿童的主要抚养人等是影响ADHD的相关因素。结论兰州市区学龄期儿童ADHD患病率为10．63％，以ADHDPI型为主。生物学和家庭环境因素问的交互作用影响ADHD的发生。弱势群体家庭的儿童是ADHD重点防治对象。
ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)and its related factors among school children aged 6-13 years in Lanzhou city,and to provide the basis for effective prevention and treatment of ADHD in school-age children.Methods The Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ)was used to take stratified random samples of 6-13-year-old school children in four areas of Lanzhou city(Chengguan district,Qilihe district,Anning district,and Xigu district).Mental retardation and other neurological or psychiatric diseases were excluded by pediatric neurologists and psychologists in PSQ-positive children.The ADHD was definitely diagnosed according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-IV).SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data of related factors for ADHD.Results Of the 3 826 questionnaires issued,3604 were analyzed effectively,including 1 826 boys(50.7%,average age(9.45±1.41)years)and 1 778 girls(49.3%,average age(9.33± 1.75)years).A total of 383 children(10.63%)had ADHD.The prevalence of ADHD among boys (13.91%)was significantly higher than that among girls 7.25%(χ2 =36.982,P <0.001).Fur-thermore,the prevalence of ADHD among children aged 6-7,8-9,10-11 or 12-13 years was no sig-nificant differences in ADHD prevalence were found among children of different ages(χ2=2.225, P > 0.05 ).The incidences of predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI ),hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI)and combined(ADHD-CT)subtypes were 7.13%,1.02% and 2.46%,respectively. The differences were significant among children with different ADHD subtypes(χ2 = 214.739, P <0.001).The related factors for ADHD included gender(male),history of asphyxia,history of central nervous system diseases,history of language development,learning achievement,antenatal depression and anxiety,history of smoking during pregnancy,family income,mother’s age and ed-ucational level,relationship between parents and children,intake of snacks or cold drinks,daily life habits/ physical exercise,and main dependents.Conclusion The prevalence of ADHD is 10.63% among school-age children in Lanzhou city,and ADHD-PI is the main subtype.The inter-action between biological factors and family environment factors affects the occurrence of ADHD. Children in vulnerable families are the focus of prevention and treatment of ADHD.
出处
《实用临床医学（江西）》
CAS
2015年第5期90-95,101,共7页
Practical Clinical Medicine
关键词
学龄期儿童
注意缺陷多动障碍
患病率
相关因素
兰州
甘肃
school-age children
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
prevalence
related factors
lanzhou,Ganshu
