摘要
通过对元江干热河谷——红河州个旧市保和乡6年生吉贝人工林结实特征和果实性状进行调查,探讨地形与初值密度对吉贝生长、结实和果实性状特征的影响,以及土壤和叶片养分与结实的关系。结果表明：（1）6年生吉贝初果期树高和冠幅分别在3.5-6.5 m和2.5-6.0 m之间,胸径8.74-17.01 cm在之间;结实株平均结实量为17.09个,平均单果纤维产量11.03 g;（2）山沟内的吉贝树高、胸径和冠幅显著（P〈0.05）高于台地,植株结实量和单株最大结实量优于台地,并且结实量在山沟样方（4 m×4 m）中最高;地形对果实纵径、果重以及纤维产量变化的影响显著;（3）密度影响分枝数和轮生枝台数的产生,树高、胸径和冠幅与分枝数呈负相关关系;随初植密度增加,结实量没有呈现明显的变化规律;但是高密度定植时果实横径差异极显著,不利于纤维产量的增加。从地形与密度因子来看,山沟4 m×4 m、台地4 m×3 m定植时有利生长和结实,结实率分别为72.58%和22.45%;（4）结实植株土壤速效氮和叶片氮含量高于未结实植株,氮供应与结实存在一定关系,氮缺乏可能导致吉贝不能结实,并且结实对土壤中K的消耗比较明显,结实与未结实株土壤全K含量差值为4.834 9 g/kg,对P的消耗则相对较弱,其差值较小;（5）果实横径的增加有利纤维产量的增长,当果实长度超过20 cm则有减少的趋势,种子数量与纤维产量成反比关系。对单株而言果实平均纵径超过15.7 cm、平均单果重超过45.43 g的植株有利于提高纤维产量。单果纤维产量的影响因子中土壤全P〉速效P〉速效N〉胸径〉侧枝台数〉树高,并对单果纤维产量的增加具有正效应。
The fruiting characteristics and fruit characters of six-year-old Ceiba pentandra plantation in Bohe town, Gejiu City, Honghe prefecture were investigated to find out the influence of terrain and planting density on the growth and fruits as well as the relationships among soil, leaf nutrient, and fruits. The results showed that： （1） The ranges of height, canopy, and DBH of six-year-old C. pentandra were 3.5 -6. 5 m, 8.74 - 17.01 cm, re- spectively. The average fruit setting amount was 17.09, and the fiber yield of single fruit was 11.03 kg. （2） The height, DBH and canopy of C. pentandra planted in valley were significantly （P 〈 0. 05 ） higher than those in terrace, and the fruit yield and seed number of single tree surveyed in valley were higher than those in terrace. A highest fruit yield of C. pentandra in the plot （4 m ~4 m） of terrace was found. The terrain had significant effectson the length, weight and fiber yield of the fruits. （3） The density influenced the numbers of branches and vertic- illation branches. The height, DBH and canopy were inversely proportional to the numbers of branches. There was no obvious variation to fruiting with the increase of density. The diameter was extremely influenced by high planting density. The planting densities of 4 m ~ 4 m in the plot of valley and 4 m ~ 3 m in terrace were helpful to growth and fruiting with the fruiting rate of 72.58 % and 22. 45 % respectively. （4） The soil available nitrogen and leaf nitrogen of fruiting were higher than those of fruitless. There existed the relationship between nitrogen sup- ply and fruiting. Fruiting trees consumed more total potassium than fruitless trees, and the difference of soil K content was 4. 834 9 g/kg. However, the demand for total P contents was relatively weak. （5） A wider diameter of fruit increased fiber yield, but it has a tendency to reduce for fruit length which was more than 20 em. To im- prove fiber yield, the tree with more than 15.7 cm in average of fruit length and 45.43 g in average of weight was helpful to fiber yield. The influencing degree on single fruit fiber followed the order： soil total P 〉 available P 〉 a- vailable N 〉 DBH 〉 the number of verticillate branch 〉 height, all of those factors positively influenced on single fruit fiber.
出处
《西部林业科学》
CAS
2015年第3期53-60,共8页
Journal of West China Forestry Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(31260175)
云南省高校科技创新团队建设项目资助
关键词
吉贝
结实特征
地形
密度
土壤养分
元江干热河谷
Ceiba pentandra
fruiting eharaeteristies
terrain
density
soil nutrient
Yuanjiang Hot-dry Valley
