摘要
[目的]掌握上海市长宁区中小学校直饮水卫生现状及其影响因素,提出相应的管理对策。[方法]以该区设立直饮水的26所中小学校的98台直饮水设备作为研究对象。在2014年5月,根据《上海市中小学校校园直饮水工程建设和维护基本要求》,设计调查表进行直饮水的卫生管理调查。在2014年6月,对每台设备出水开展水质检测,并按CJ 94—2005《饮用净水水质标准》评价。通过与14名专家的逐个访谈,并应用非条件二元logistic回归得出影响直饮水菌落总数超标的危险因素。[结果]调查结果提示直饮水的卫生管理在环境卫生、设备情况、管理制度、水质自检、维护记录、档案管理各方面均存在较多问题。水质检测结果显示菌落总数超标明显,其合格率为69.4%,另有浑浊度、镉和铁的轻度超标（合格率分别为95.9%、98.0%和99.0%）。专家访谈结果提示导致菌落总数超标的危险因素既可能来自于设备本身,也可能来自于运行维护。logistic回归分析显示设有直饮水水箱、总氯水平〈0.05 mg/L为直饮水菌落总数超标的危险因素（OR=11.880,95%CI：3.567~39.570;OR=10.736,95%CI：2.728~42.254）。[结论]上海市长宁区中小学直饮水存在卫生问题。建议对《上海市中小学校校园直饮水工程建设和维护基本要求》进行修改,重点针对导致菌落总数和部分金属离子超标的可能危险因素进行控制。
[Objective] To investigate the sanitary status and examine the risk factors of direct drinking water in middle and primary schools in Changning District, Shanghai, and to propose corresponding countermeasures. [Methods] A total of 98 direct drinking water systems in 26 middle and primary schools in Changning District, Shanghai were investigated. In May 2014, related hygiene management was investigated by self-designed questionnaires according to the Basic Requirements for Construction and Maintenance of Direct Drinking Water Project in Middle and Primary Schools of Shanghai. In June 2014, water samples from each water system were collected and assessed following the Water Quality Standards for Fine Drinking Water（CJ94-2005）. By means of interviews with 14 experts and non-conditional binary logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated with unqualified total number of colonies were identified. [Results] In the health management of direct drinking water, existing problems were peripheral sanitation, equipment conditions, management regulation, water quality self-checks, maintenance records, and document management. In water quality detections, the total number of colonies exceeded relevant standard, with a qualified rate of 69.4%; turbidity, cadmium, and iron were graded as light pollution, with qualified rates of 95.9%, 98.0%, and 99.0%, respectively. The results of expert interviews suggested equipment design and maintenance might contribute to the exceeding total number of colonies. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of direct drinking water tanks（OR=11.880, 95%CI： 3.567-39.570） and total chlorine 0.05 mg/L（OR=10.736, 95%CI： 2.728-42.254） were the risk factors associated with the exceeding total number of colonies. [Conclusion] Sanitary problems are identified in direct drinking water in the middle and primary schools in Changning District, Shanghai. We suggest revising the Basic Requirements for Construction and Maintenance of Direct Drinking Water Project in Middle and Primary Schools of Shanghai with focuses on the control against possible risk factors leading to the excessive concentrations of total number of colonies and some metal ions.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第7期646-651,共6页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
上海市卫生局卫生监督所科研基金项目(编号:2013004)
关键词
中小学校
直饮水
卫生管理
水质
上海
middle and primary school
direct drinking water
sanitary management
water quality
Shanghai
