摘要
【目的】烟叶含钾量低是我国生产优质烟叶的主要限制因素之一,困扰着我国烟草生产。本文研究了钾肥运筹对四川省凉山州主栽烤烟品种云烟85钾吸收利用的影响,为当地合理施用钾肥提供科学依据。【方法】以云烟85为试验材料,采用大田试验,研究钾肥用量对云烟85的产量和钾积累量的影响,确定相对较优的钾肥用量及烤烟的钾积累高峰期;在此基础上,研究钾肥施用方式对云烟85的产量、品质、钾积累量和钾肥利用率的影响。【结果】烤烟产量和钾积累量随钾肥用量的增加先升高后降低。钾肥用量为158 kg/hm^2（约为当地常规用量的75%）时,云烟85的烟叶产量（2238.2 kg/hm^2）与最高产量（2239.1 kg/hm^2）,钾积累量（52.16 kg/hm^2）与最高钾积累量（53.47 kg/hm^2）之间差异较小,在土壤速效钾含量处于丰富（≥200 mg/kg）水平时,降低25%左右的钾肥用量可提高种植云烟85的经济效益。烟草生育周期内,钾积累速率呈双峰曲线,钾积累高峰出现在旺长后期（移栽后50-65 d）和中部叶成熟期（移栽后85-95 d）。在钾肥施用总量158 kg/hm^2条件下,在烤烟进入旺长后期（移栽后50-65 d）和中部叶成熟期（移栽后85-95 d）之前,分别追施钾肥总量的15%-20%,打顶后5 d和10 d内烟叶钾积累量的降低比例分别比常规施肥减少了37.2-42.0和15.4-60.3个百分点,且成熟期中、上部烟叶的含钾量显著增大,分别达3.21%和3.37%,钾肥利用率比当地常规施肥方式高出12-18个百分点。【结论】钾肥追施时期调整至钾积累高峰期之前,有望提高成熟期的烟叶含钾量。在本试验条件下,种植云烟85时应将钾肥用量控制在158 kg/hm^2左右,并在旺长后期和中部叶成熟期分别追施钾肥总量的15%-20%,可有效提高钾肥利用率和成熟期的烟叶含钾量,达到高产优质的目的。
【Objectives】Low K content in tobacco leaves has been one of the limiting factors for the good quality of tobacco in China,plagued the tobacco production in China. In this paper,the K absorption and utilization of flue- cured tobacco affected by potash management were studied in Liangshan City,Sichuan Province,so as to provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization of tobacco. 【Methods】A field experiment was conducted to study the appropriate K application rate and the peak K accumulation of the tobacco cultivar Yunyan85. Based on this research,another field experiment was carried out to study the influence of potash management on yield,quality,and K accumulation and utilization efficiency of Yunyan85. 【Results】The yield and K accumulation of flue-cured tobacco are increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of potash rates. When the K application rate was 158 kg / hm^2,about 75% of the local common K rate,the yield is 2238. 2 kg /hm^2 and the K accumulationis 52. 16 kg / hm^2,which are slightly lower than the highest yield（ 2239. 1 kg /hm^2） and the highest K accumulation（ 53. 47 kg / hm^2） in the experiment. So,the K application rate can be reduced by 25% to improve the economic benefits of planting tobacco production when the available K content of soil is ≥200 mg / kg. The K accumulation shows a double- peak curve during the whole growing stage of tobacco plants,the two peaks appear at the later vigorous growth stage（ 50- 65 days after transplanting） and middle leaf maturity stage（ 50- 65 days after transplanting）. At the K application amount of 158 kg / hm^2,15%-20% of total K fertilizer were top dressed before the later vigorous growth stage（ 85-95 days after transplanting） and middle leaf maturity（ 85-95 days after transplanting）,the reduce proportion of K accumulation in tobacco leaves at the 5th and the 10 th day after topdressing are reduced by 37. 2- 42. 0 and 15. 4- 60. 3 percent points,compared with conventional fertilization.Also the K contents in the middle and upper leaves are significant increased and reached to 3. 21% and 3. 37%respectively,and the K utilization efficiency is increased by 12- 18 percent points. 【Conclusions】The suitable ratio of basal and topdressing is beneficial to the quality of tobacco leaves. In this research,under the total K application rate of 158 kg / hm^2,topdressing 15%- 20% in the later vigorous growth stage and middle leaf maturity is expected to reduce the spillover rate of K and increase the K utilization efficiency and K content in tobacco leaves at the maturity,achieving the aim of high- yield and good quality.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期969-978,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
四川省烟草公司凉山州公司科技项目"植烟土壤钾素动态变化与烟草钾吸收分配规律研究(2011-2013)"资助
关键词
钾肥运筹
烤烟
吸收
积累
利用
potash management
flue-cured tobacco
absorption
accumulation
utilization
