摘要
Background： Prevalence of eating disorders （EDs） among college-aged athletes has risen in recent years. Although measures exist for assessing EDs, these measures have not been thoroughly reviewed in athletes. This study reviewed the validity and reliability evidence of the commonly used measures for assessing EDs in athlete populations aged 18--26 years. Methods： Databases were searched for studies of regarding ED on male and/or female athletes. Inclusion criteria stated the study （a） assessed EDs in an athlete population 18--26 years of age and （b） investigated EDs using a psychometric measure found valid and/or reliable in a non- athlete population and/or athlete population. Results： Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven and 22 articles, respectively, studied EDs behaviors in male and female athletes whereas 21 articles studied EDs in combined-gender samples. The five most commonly used measures were the Eating Attitudes Test （EAT）, Eating Disorder Inventory （EDI）, Bulimia Test-Revised （BULIT-R）, Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis （QEDD）, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire （EDE-Q）. Conclusion： Only seven studies calculated validity coefficients within the study whereas 47 cited the validity coefficient. Twenty-six calculated a reliability coefficient whereas 47 cited the reliability of the ED measures. Four studies found validity evidence for the EAT, EDI, BULIT-R, QEDD, and EDE-Q in an athlete population. Few studies reviewed calculated validity and reliability coefficients of ED measures. Cross- validation of these measures in athlete populations is clearly needed.
背景:近年来,饮食紊乱在大学年龄段的运动员群体中有所增长。尽管存在一些评估饮食紊乱的方法,但尚未有研究对这些方法在运动员中的应用进行全面综述。本研究综述了18-26岁运动员人群饮食紊乱评估方法的信度和效度。方法:在数据库搜寻关于男性和/或女性运动员饮食紊乱的研究。入选标准包括:1.研究对象为18-26岁运动员;2.运用心理测试方法研究饮食紊乱,并发现其在非运动员和/或运动员人群中有效和/或可靠。结果:有50项研究符合本研究标准。其中7篇文章研究男运动员的饮食紊乱,22篇文章研究女运动员的饮食紊乱,21篇文章未按性别区分研究饮食紊乱。5种最常用的测试方法是:饮食态度测试、饮食紊乱问卷、暴食症测试、饮食紊乱诊断问卷和饮食紊乱检测问卷。结论:只有7篇文献研究了效度系数,47篇文献引用了效度系数。26篇文献研究了信度系数,47篇文献引用了饮食紊乱测试中的信度。4组研究通过进食态度测试、饮食紊乱问卷、暴食症测试、饮食紊乱诊断问卷和饮食紊乱检测问卷,在运动员中发现了有效性证据。少部分研究评论计算出饮食紊乱测试方法的效度和信度系数。未来研究需要在运动员中对这些方法进行交叉验证。
