摘要
生态系统服务有着极高甚至无法计量的价值,与人类福祉关系及其密切。充分评价生态系统服务价值现已成为生态系统资产化管理、生态补偿、生态服务有偿使用等政策执行的迫切需求。本文基于扩展的劳动价值论原理,主要采用单位面积生态系统价值当量因子的方法,对中国生态系统提供的11种生态服务类型价值进行核算,研究表明:1中国各种生态系统年提供总服务价值量为38.10万亿元。就生态系统而言,森林提供的总服务价值最高,占总价值的46.00%;其次是水域和草地,分别占总价值的21.16%和19.68%;2就生态系统服务类别而言,调节功能服务价值最高,占71.31%,支持服务占19.01%,供给服务占5.87%;文化服务占3.81%;3生态系统服务价值在年内随生长季节变化,中国生态系统在5-9月期间提供的生态服务价值较高,而在11-2月期间提供的生态服务价值较低;4生态系统服务单位面积价值最高的地区主要分布在南方和东北地区,在总体趋势上从东南向西北逐渐降低;5对中国不同地区人均生态服务价值和人均GDP进行对比发现,2010年中国人均生态价值量为2.84万元,人均GDP为2.99万元,总体而言中国人均GDP和人均生态服务价值接近1∶1,这表明中国生态系统服务价值相对社会经济价值的高度稀缺性,尤其在经济和人口密集的区域,这种相对稀缺性更为突出。
Ecosystem services with an extremely high economic value impact human well-being significantly. The practices of ecological system asset management, ecological compensation, and paid use of ecological system assets are urging to fully evaluate ecosystem service value. In this paper, the economic values of 11 types of ecosystem services are accounted based on the expansion of labor value theory and using the method of equivalent value factor per unit ecosystem area. We found that the total value of ecosystem services in China is 38.10 ×10^12 CNY, of which, forest ecosystem services value account for 46.00%, followed by aquatorium and grass ecosystem service value accounting for 21.16% and 19.68%, respectively. In terms of the economic value derived from different types of ecosystem services, support services accounted for 71.31%, regulation services accounted for 19.01%, provision services accounted for 5.87% and cultural services for 3.81%. The value of ecosystem services vary seasonally during a year, the value of ecosystem services during May to September is higher; from October to April the value of ecosystem services is relatively low. The ecosystems per unit area in southern and northeastern China supply higher ecosystem services values; the overall trend of the spatial distribution of ecosystem services value per unit of ecosystem area is gradual reduction from southeast to northwest. With comparison between per capita ecosystem service value and per capita GDP in different regions of China in 2010, the per capita ecosystem service value in China is 2.84× 10^4 CNY, close to per capita GDP, which fully demonstrates the relative scarcity of China＇s ecosystem service, especially in economically developed and densely populated areas.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第9期1740-1746,共7页
Resources Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划"十二五"项目(2013BAC03B05)
