摘要
为了有效防治苹果树腐烂病，通过夏季药剂涂干和春季病斑刮治试验，评价了8种药剂对苹果树腐烂病的田间防治效果。连续3a（2012—2014年）的预防试验结果显示：采用戊唑醇、噻霉酮、链霉菌Hhs．015、苯醚甲环唑和农抗120五种药剂在7月份连续2次啧涂苹果树枝干，能够有效地抑制腐烂病新病斑的形成，第2年新生病斑减少百分率的均值介于75．8％～84．1％，表现出稳定的防治效果；其中以43％的戊唑醇200倍液和1．6％的噻霉酮30倍液的效果相对较好，新生病斑减少百分卒均值分别达到了84．1％和81．6％。连续2a（2012—2013年）的病斑治疗试验结果显示：戊唑醇表现出优良的病斑治疗效果，处理的40个病疤中只有1个复发，复发率为2．5％；噻霉酮、苯醚甲环唑、拂蓝克和腐植酸·铜的治疗效果次之，病疤复发率为5％；进一步测量了药剂对伤口愈合的促进作用，发现拂蓝克和戊唑醇促进愈伤组织形成的能力较强，其愈伤组织宽度均值分别达到了16．7mm和15．3mm，显著高于其他药剂处理。以上结果说明，夏季在树干上喷涂适宜的化学药剂可以显著降低新生病疤的发生数量，从而起到对苹果树腐烂病的预防作用。在苹果树腐烂病的化学防治上要树立预防为主、刮治为辅的理念，即在夏季选择适宜的药剂喷涂树干2次（间隔7～10d），以降低新病疤的发生数量，然后再结合病疤刮治措施进行防治。
From 2012--2014, the control efficacy of six chemical fungicides and two biological fungicides against apple tree Falsa canker was tested by smearing trunk in summer and scraping scars in spring. Results indicated that new lesions could be significantly attenuated by smearing chemicals onto the apple tree trunks. The tested fungicides, including tebuconazole, benziothiazolinone, streptomyces Hhs. 015, difenoconazole and TF 120, exhibited stable control effect in the field preventive trials and the average percentage of reduced lesions over three years was 75.8 % --84.1%. Among those five fungicides,43 % tebuconazole with 200 times concentrated stock solution and 1. 6% benziothiazolinone with 30 times concentrated stock solution showed a better control effect, of which the average percentage of reduced lesions over three years reached 84. 1% and 81. 6% respectively. However, there was no significant difference among the tested fungicides. During the two years of lesion therapy trials from 2012 to 2013 results showed that among 40 lesions, tebuconazole had the best control effect, for which only one recurring lesion was detected after use, with recurring rate of 2. 5%. Other fungicides such as benziothiazolinone, difenoconazole, Fulanke and HA-Cu had less control effects, for which two recurring lesions were detected after use,with recurring rate of 5%. Further measurement of the callus tissue after fungicides treatment showed that Fulanke and tebuconazole had superior effect in improving the formation of callus tissue, for which after use, the width of the callus tissue reached 16. 7 mm and 15. 3 mm respectively. In conclusion, by spraying fungicides on apple tree trunks in summer can significantly reduce the number of new occurring lesions, thus preventing apple tree Valsa canker effectively. Therefore, chemical preventative methods for apple tree Valsa canker should be based on the idea that fungicides spraying leads while scraping assists. To summarize, choosing appropriate fungicides and spraying to the apple tree trunks twice with 7--10 days in between in the summer can prevent the new lesions formation, which combining with the lesion scraping measure will result in doubled effects in preventing Valsa canker.
出处
《河南农业科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期95-99,共5页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203034)
陕西省科技统筹计划(2011KTZB02-02-02)
宝鸡市(农业)攻关项目(14NYGG-1-2)
关键词
苹果树腐烂病
药剂涂干
病斑刮治
新病斑形成
防治效果
apple tree Valsa canker
smearing fungicides onto the trunk
scraping scars
formation ofnew scabs
control efficacy
