摘要
新工业革命以及发达国家再工业化的战略举措,将全球工业发展带入了4.0时代。本文通过分析日本应对工业4.0的创新能力及其产业政策工具的特点认为,总体来看,随着技术进步不断内生化,日本应对工业4.0的政策措施有助于构建新型制造系统,实现制造业国际竞争优势的重构与再造。同时,工业4.0时代的全球竞争为日本产业政策新一轮实践提供了一定的合理性和作用空间,在较短时间内形成了应对工业4.0的较为完整的产业政策体系,加快突破重点领域,并在体制机制建设方面做出了有针对性的安排,其政策工具选用既延续了日本产业政策的独特传统,又确立了明确的新思路,在工具市场化、决策透明化、机制多样化等方面与赶超时期的产业政策已有显著变化。从战略出发点来看,相较日本应对工业4.0的一揽子政策措施,《中国制造2025》总体上更具战略高度和全局性,也是中国产业政策运用的一次新探索,但其视野和思路仍存在一定的局限性。尽管日本新一轮产业政策带有较为明显的应对导向,在一定程度上降低了其可移植性,但中国和日本同为制造大国,虽然两国工业化阶段有差异,制造业发展整体水平及优势领域不同,但都要面对工业4.0与新兴经济体追赶形成的"双重挤压"。因此,日本应对工业4.0的政策措施仍是可借鉴的,对于推动《中国制造2025》政策措施细化落实、提高体制机制保障能力具有参考价值。
In recent years, USA and Germany on behalf of the developed countries successively launched the so-called re-industrialization strategy and manufacturing reviving plans, which are leading the global industry into a smarter, greener and networked 4. 0 era also driven by New Industrial Revolution. As one of the world＇s manufac- turing powers, Japan attached great importance to Industry 4.0 and its influences on international competitiveness of the Japanese manufacturing. This paper gives an overall review on the package of Japan＇s countermeasures for In- dustry 4.0 from both the new practice of industrial policy initiated by the Japanese government and the competitive advantage reformation led by the industrial sector. In fact, the academia has been arguing about Japan＇s industrial policy for years, despite of its active and fruitful application in the New Industrialized Economies in East Asia. However, from the characteristics of the policy tools selected by the Japanese government, we can see that it pro- vides the rationality and new space for Japan＇s industrial policy application in the intensifying global competition in the era of Industry 4. 0. Up to now, Japan has set up a relatively comprehensive policy system to deal with the chal- lenges of Industry 4. 0 in a rather short period time with distinguish priority strategic areas and targeted mechanism arrangement. It also has to be admitted that Japan＇s effective crisis response system has made important contribution to encountering with Industrial 4. 0. Actually, the new round application of Japan＇s industrial policy skillfully com- bined both its unique tradition and clear policy intention with more market-oriented policy tools, transparent deci- sion-making and diversified coping mechanism, obviously different from the traditional policy in the catching-up time of the Japanese economy. Objectively speaking, advantages in the aspects of identifying gaps by locki lowing-up path, which is of difficulty to be replicated Japan＇s industrial policy still has its long-term accumulated ng catching-up targets, flexible learning ability, judging fol- by other economies. Also along with the accelerating endoge- nous progress of innovation, it is foreseeable that the countermeasures for Japan to compete in Industry 4.0 will continue to helping to establish the new type of manufacturing system characterized by internet of things and cloud computing while reforming Japan＇s core capacity in the manufacturing sector. Yet, the effects of the new practice of industrial policy in Japan undoubtedly have uncertainty in Industry 4. 0 era with complicated systemic macro-eco- nomic problems as the result of more than 20-year low growth. The same as World Factory as Japan used to be, China is also facing urgent industrial restructuring in Industry 4.0 era with rising labor cost and weakening tradition- al comparative advantage, which have helped China to gain great achievements in manufacturing export in the past thirty years. In order to speed up the transformation and upgrading of Made in China, the Chinese government for- mulated and implemented China Manufacturing 2025 in 2015. From the point view of its departure, compared to Japan＇s policy measures, China Manufacturing 2025 is to some extent more strategic by a new explore of China＇s in- dustrial policy. Apart from this, China Manufacturing 2025 has its own thinking limitations, with too much empha- sis on existing advantage of China＇s manufacturing industry and lack of revolutionary and prospective vision. Al- though with coping-oriented and less portability, Japan＇s Industry 4. 0 countermeasures still has reference value for China to improve its manufacturing strategy for 2025, especially in refining policy implementation and improving supporting capability. In addition, the experiences of Japan＇s input to Artisan spirit and manufacturing culture is also instructive for China to accelerate the construction of Chinese Characteristic industrial civilization.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第11期20-31,共12页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"稀有矿产资源开发利用的国家战略研究--基于工业化中后期产业转型升级的视角"(15ZDA051)
国家社会科学基金重大项目"智能服务的技术实现研究"(12AZD112)
关键词
工业4.0
日本
产业政策
竞争优势
Industry 4.0
Japan
industrial policy
competitive advantage
