摘要
增殖放流是渔业资源养护的重要手段,生态系统与放流种类能流格局的变化研究,是进行增殖容量评估的研究基础.根据2012和2013年黄河口邻近海域的资源调查数据,构建了黄河口邻近海域6、8、10月的Ecopath模型,比较分析了3个月份该海域生态系统能量流动的变化,初步评估了三疣梭子蟹的增殖容量.结果表明：黄河口邻近海域生态系统的能量流动主要在营养级Ⅰ-Ⅲ之间进行,营养级Ⅳ以及以上的能量流动较小.6月第Ⅰ营养级整合系统流动的比例最高,8月最低.第Ⅱ营养级整合系统流动的比例8月最高,6月最低.三疣梭子蟹相对能量流动和绝对能量流动均是第Ⅲ营养级最高,三疣梭子蟹的营养级3月平均为3.28.黄河口邻近海域生态系统有较高的剩余生产量,6月最高、8月最低,系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸（TPP/TR）3个月份分别为5.49、2.47、3.01,总初级生产量/总生物量（TPP/B）分别为47.61、33.30、29.78,同时具有较低的循环指数（FCI：0.03-0.06）,黄河口邻近海域生态系统处于脆弱的不稳定期.系统的能量转换效率为7.3%-11.5%;渔获物的平均营养级8月和10月有所下降,3个月份分别为3.23、2.97和2.82;总捕捞效率8月最高,6月最低.在黄河口邻近海域8月Ecopath模型基础上,初步评估三疣梭子蟹的增殖容量为1.5115 t·km^-2.
Stock enhancement is increasingly proved to be an important measure of the fishery resources conservation,and the assessment of carrying capacity is the decisive factor of the effects of stock enhancement. Meanwhile,the variations in the energy flow patterns of releasing species and ecosystem were the basis for assessing carrying capacity of stock enhancement. So,in the present study,based on the survey data collected from the Yellow River estuary and adjacent waters during2012-2013,three Ecopath mass-balance models were established in June,August and October,and the variations in ecosystem energy flow in these months were analyzed,as well as the assessment of carrying capacity of swimming crab enhancement. The energy flow mainly concentrated on trophic level I-III in Yellow River estuary and adjacent waters,and was relatively less on trophic level IV or above. The system flow proportion on the trophic level I was the highest in June,and was the lowest in August. The highest system flow proportion on the trophic level II was found in August,and the lowest in June. The relative and absolute energy flow of swimming crab mainly concentrated on the trophic level III,and the mean trophic level of swimming crab among June,August and October were 3.28. Surplus production was relatively higher in Yellow River estuary and adjacent waters,the highest value was found in June,and the lowest value in August. The ratios of total primary production / total respiration（ TPP / TR） were 5.49,2.47 and 3.01 in June,August and October,respectively,and the ratios of total primary production / total biomass（ TPP / B） were 47.61,33.30 and 29.78,respectively. Combined with the low Finn＇s cycling index（ FCI： 0. 03- 0. 06）,these changes indicated that the Yellow River estuary ecosystem was at an early development stage with higher vulnerability. The energy conversion efficiency of system was from 7.3% to 11.5%,the mean trophic levels of the catch were 3.23,2.97 and 2.82 in June,August and October,respectively. The highest gross efficiency of the fishery was found in August,and the lowest in June. Finally,based on the Ecopath model in August survey,the preliminarily assessed carrying capacity of swimming crab was 1.5115 t·km^-2in Yellow River estuary and adjacent waters.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第11期3523-3531,共9页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303050)
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB409805)
山东省优秀中青年科学家奖励基金项目(BS2012HZ030)
山东省泰山学者建设工程专项
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(20603022012008)资助
关键词
ECOPATH模型
黄河口邻近海域
能量流动
三疣梭子蟹
生态容量
Ecopath mass-balance model
Yellow River estuary and adjacent waters
energy flow
swimming crab
ecological carrying capacity
