摘要
以花生(Arachis hypogaea)品种‘花育22号’为研究材料,2013年在威海文登市、2014年在日照三庄镇的丘陵砂壤土上进行试验,研究增施钙肥对酸性土花生的产量、品质的影响,以及相关碳、氮代谢酶活性差异,探讨酸性土花生钙肥最佳用量。试验设3个钙肥处理,分别为每667 m2施Ca O 0 kg(T0)、14 kg(T1)、28 kg(T2)。结果表明:酸性土增施钙肥显著增加了花生的荚果产量,两个试验点T1处理平均增产26.92%,T2处理平均增产21.65%。增产原因是增施钙肥显著增加了花生单株结果数,提高了双仁果率,从而增加了单株荚果产量,同时增加了籽仁的饱满度而显著提高了出仁率。钙肥处理均显著提高了花生籽仁蛋白质和脂肪含量,提高了赖氨酸、总氨基酸含量和油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值。酸性土增施钙肥显著提高了花生叶片的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,其中T1处理的GS活性显著高于T2处理。钙肥处理显著提高了花生生育前期的叶片磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性,而生育后期的活性低于不施钙肥处理。不同钙肥施用量相比,每667 m2施14 kg Ca O的经济效益最好,其产量最高,品质最优。
Aims Peanut （Arachis hypogaea） is one of the calcium （Ca）-like crops. In acidic soil, low soil exchangeable Ca2＋ content, which usually is caused by eluviation, can affect peanut pod development, even causes pod unfilled. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium fertilizer on yield, quality and related enzyme activities of peanut in acidic soil. Methods ＇Huayu22＇ was used as materials, and field experiments were conducted in Wendeng, Weihai （2013） and Sanzhuang, Rizhao （2014）, respectively. Three treatments were carried out, i.e. No Ca-application （To）, 14 kg＇667 m-2 fused CaO （T1） and 28 kg＇667 m-2 fused CaO （T2）. Top 3rd leaves of main stems were harvested to determine the activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme every 15 days from anthesis to mature pe- riod. Additionally, the pod traits and yield were investigated at harvest time. Uniform dry pods were used to de- termine the quality of kernel. Important findings Application of calcium fertilizer significantly increased the pod yield of peanut in acid soil. Yield of T1 treatment increased by 26.92% and T2 increased by 21.65% on average at two sites. It might be related to higher pod numbers per plant, higher double kernel rate, and higher plumpness of kernel under T1 and T2 treat- ment than under To treatment. Simultaneously, application of calcium fertilizer also significantly increased the protein and fat content of peanut in acidic soil. The protein content increased 2.02% and the fat content increased 3.01% on average in T1 treatment, respectively. The protein content increased 1.56% and the fat content increased 2.58% in T2 treatment, respectively. Additionally, Calcium fertilizer not only improved the lysine and total amino acid content but also improved oleic/linoleic acid （O/L） ratio of peanut in acidic soil. These might be due to higher activities of glutamine synthetase （GS）, glutamate synthetase （GOGAT） and glutamate pyruvate transaminase （GPT） in the leaves of peanut in acidic soil under T1 and T2 treatments than under To treatment. What＇s more, the activity of GS of peanut treated with T1 was higher than that treated with T2. Application of Calcium fertilizer also improved the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase （PEPCase）, sucrose synthase （SS） and sucrose phos- phate synthase （SPS） of peanut at early growing period, but the activities at late growth stage were lower than To treatment. Our results demonstrate that the economic performance of 14 kg667 m-2 fused CaO was the best one among these three treatments applied.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第11期1101-1109,共9页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金(31571581和31571605)
国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B04)
现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14)
山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题
山东省农业科学院科技创新重点项目(2014CXZ06-6)
山东省农业科学院青年基金(2015YQN12)
关键词
花生
酸性土
钙肥
产量
品质
代谢酶
peanut, acidic soil, calcium fertilizer, yield, quality, enzyme activity
