摘要
最新的《环境保护公众参与办法(试行)》以法律形式保障了公众对于环境治理的参与行为,在地区经济发展压力大而环境污染自解决机制欠缺的背景下,公众环境参与或将成为环境治理的有效手段。然而目前对于公众环境参与的影响因子却少有研究。本研究通过理论分析及文献梳理构建了公众环境参与理论框架,采用2003-2012年间中国31个省份的面板数据分析社会经济状况、环境污染状况以及政府环境规制对于公众环境参与的影响。实证结果表明,在社会经济因素方面,人均地区生产总值与公众来信正相关,而城镇居民人均年消费支出与来信负相关,说明区域经济发展加剧环境问题,而个人经济状况好转有利于改善环境,二者都促进公众环境参与;在环境污染状况方面,工业废水的排放量以及突发环境事件对于公众参与的影响明显高于工业废气以及固体废物污染,说明人们对于水资源污染的敏感程度要远高于其他两者;在政府规制方面,颁布的环保法律法规数对来访和"两会"提案都呈现出负相关,政府环境污染治理投资比对人大建议数呈负相关关系,说明政府推行的环境政策较成功,对环境污染具有一定的遏制作用,能够减缓环境质量恶化速度;另外,来信比来访更易受上述因素的影响,说明便捷、经济的公众环境参与方式更易接受。以高中生为指标的受教育程度与公众参与不具备相关性,主要是因为受教育程度越高意味着对良好环境质量的偏好越强,选择环境质量更好的社区居住而对环境问题敏感度降低。促进我国公众环境参与需在政策的引导下,提高公众经济水平,增加参与的便利性,并考虑民间发挥民间组织作用。
The law of ＇the Public Participation in Environmental Protection Measures＇ was enacted to promote the environmental public participation which may be the solution of the environmentalpollution when the effective governance is absent. However there is little literature about influence factors of the environmental public participation until now. This paper constructs the theory frame through literature review and theoretical analysis, using the provincial panel data from 2003 to 2012 in China in the fields of socioeconomic status, environmental pollution and government environmental regulations to measure environmental public participation. The empirical results demonstrate that in terms of social and economic factors, per capita GDP is positive related to complaint letters and negative related to urban residents＇ per capita annual consumption. It means the better the regionaleconomic development is, the more serious the environmental pollution will be. In terms of environmental pollution, the influence degree of industrial waste water emissions and sudden environmental incidents are far higher than the other two factors. In terms of government regulation, laws and regulations promulgated are negative to both environmental complaint visits and ＇ two sessions＇ proposals, and environmental pollution control investment is negative to National People＇ s Congress. It is obvious that the government environmental policy which can slow the deterioration of environmental quality is successful. The reason that the complaint letters are more susceptible than complaint visit is because that environmental public participation in the economic and convenient way is more acceptable. Although higher education level represents stronger environmental awareness, the education indicator high school graduations show no relation to environmental public participation in this paper. Higher educated people have little sensitive to environmental problems because they are living in environment friendly community with high-income. To promote Chinese environmental public participation, the Chinese government should improve participation convenience and let the social organizations play their roles.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第12期62-69,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
2015年中国学位与研究生教学学会研究项目(编号:2015Y0106)
湖北省软科学支撑项目(编号:2014BDF086)
中南财经政法大学实验教学项目(编号:SY201431)
2015年中南财经政法大学公共管理学院社会实践调研基金项目
关键词
公众环境参与
环境污染
污染治理
环境来信
环境来访
environmental public participation
environment pollution
pollution control
environmental complaint letters
environmental complaint visits
