摘要
2012年7月和2013年6月从大渡河支流脚木足河采集黄石爬（Euchiloglanis kishinouyei）383尾,以脊椎骨作为主要年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究。黄石爬体长92-190 mm,其中110-140 mm个体占渔获物总量的74.41%;体重14.70-119.80 g,其中20-60 g个体占渔获物总量的84.86%;由3-13龄11个年龄组组成,5-8龄鱼占渔获物总量的84.07%;种群雌雄性比为1：1.06。体长（L）与脊椎骨半径（RO）回归方程为L=67.038＋50.783RO（n=325,R2=0.758,P〈0.01）。雌雄个体体长和体重生长无显著差异,据体长（L,单位mm）与体重（W,单位g）关系式W=3×10﹣5L2.927 9（n=383,R2=0.807 1,P〈0.01）,黄石爬为等速生长类型。据体长、体重生长方程Lt=208.42[1﹣e﹣0.089（t＋1.20）]、Wt=184.82[1﹣e﹣0.089（t＋1.20）]2.927 9,体长和体重生长速度方程分别为d L/dt=18.549 4 e﹣0.089（t＋1.20）和d W/dt=48.161 0 e﹣0.089（t＋1.20）[1﹣e﹣0.089（t＋1.20）]1.927 9,体长和体重生长加速度方程分别为d2L/dt2=﹣1.650 9 e﹣0.089（t＋1.20）和d2W/dt2=4.286 3 e﹣0.089（t＋1.20）[1﹣e﹣0.089（t＋1.20）]0.927 9[2.927 9 e﹣0.089（t＋1.20）﹣1],黄石爬属于生长缓慢,生命周期较长的鱼类。生长拐点年龄为10.87,落后于性成熟年龄（♀6龄,♂5龄）,属于性成熟后生长仍然较快的类型。产卵群体主要以补充群体（5、6龄）和低龄剩余群体（7、8龄）为主,资源已经受到严重破坏,需加大保护力度。
Euchiloglanis kishinouyei which belonging to the genus Euchiloglanis in the family Sisoridae is an endemic fish which lives only in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Because of its special living environment,breeding habit and evolutionary,E.kishinouyei is an important object of study fish evolution.The purpose of this study was to determine age structure and growth characteristics of E.kishinouyei.we totally collected 383 specimens from mid-July 2012 and late June 2013 in the Jiaomuzu River,a tributary river of the Yangtze River.We measure the body length and body weight of each specimen,described the characteristics of four kinds of age determination materials：lapillus,pectoral fin spines,vertebra and opercular,and compared the similarities,differences and veracities.We calculated the increment rate and growth indexes for both body length and body weight by employing Yin Minchen′s methods（1995）,and analyzed all the data by using Microsoft excel 2003 and SPSS 19.0.The growth of E.kishinouyei was fitted by the equation of Von Bertalanffy,the age determination was mainly by the vertebra（Fig.1）.The standard length of the samples ranged 92﹣190 mm,of 74.41% of them within the range of 110﹣140 mm（Fig.2）.The total weight was with the ranged of 14.70﹣119.80 g,of which 84.86% individuals weigh in 20﹣60 g（Fig.3）.The sampled fish was identified to eleven age classes（3﹣13 years old） and 84.07% of individuals were aged at 5﹣8 years old（Fig.4）.The sex ratio（♀：♂） was 1：1.06.There was a correlation between body length and vertebra with the equation L = 67.038 ＋ 50.783RO（n = 325,R2 = 0.758,P〈 0.01）（Fig.5）.The relationship between body length（L,unit mm） and total weight（W,unit g） showed no significant difference between ma1 es and females,which could be expressed as：W = 3 × 10﹣5L2.927 9（n = 383,R2 = 0.807 1,P〈 0.01）（Fig.6）.The growth of E.kishinouyei was in a constant speed which can be described by von Bertalanffy equation.According to the growth,the growth rate and acceleration growth rate equation of body length and body weight were described as Lt = 208.42 [1﹣e﹣0.089（t ＋ 1.20）],Wt = 184.82 [1﹣e﹣0.089（t ＋ 1.20）]2.927 9,d L/dt = 18.549 4 e﹣0.089（t ＋ 1.20）,d W/dt = 48.161 0 e﹣0.089（t ＋ 1.20） [1﹣e﹣0.089（t ＋ 1.20）]1.927 9,d2L/dt2 =﹣1.650 9e﹣0.089（t ＋ 1.20）,d2W/dt2 = 4.286 3e﹣0.089（t ＋ 1.20） [1﹣e﹣0.089（t ＋ 1.20）]0.927 9 [2.927 9 e﹣0.089（t ＋ 1.20）﹣1].E.kishinouyei grew slowly and with a longer life.The growth inflexion points was at 10.87 years with the corresponding body length 134.24 mm and body weight of 53.37 g,which behind the age of sexual maturity（♀6 age,♂5 age）.The spawning groups were mainly formed by the fish in age of 5 to 6 age,as well as in age of 7 to 8,which was also the population supplement groups（Fig.7）.That indicted that the resources of E.kishinouye were heavy damaged.Strict ban to unreasonable fishing and the hydropower resource exploring should be enhanced.
出处
《动物学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期228-240,共13页
Chinese Journal of Zoology
基金
四川省省属高校科研创新团队项目(No.KYTD201009)
四川省教育厅项目(No.12ZB071)
内江师范学院大学生科研项目(No.13NSD-68)
关键词
黄石爬
年龄
生长
Euchiloglanis kishinouyei
Age
Growth
