摘要
背景:髋关节置换过程中可以使用不同材料的假体,不同的假体组合会产生不同的生物力学效果和骨界面应力分布。目的:探讨不同材料人工髋关节假体对骨界面的应力分布及生物力学的影响。方法:对志愿者进行髋部CT扫描,所得图像资料以DICOM格式进行保存,并利用MIMICS软件进行处理,导入ANSYS获得股骨三维有限元模型。对股骨材料属性进行赋材质,获得股骨赋材质三维有限元模型。选择3种不同的置换假体材料(钴铬钼合金、钛合金以及复合材料),结合实际关节置换的具体要求,在CAE软件中对不同类型假体予以设计,得出相应的假体模型。按照STL格式将构建的假体模型导入MIMICS中,对股骨与假体进行装配。对不同假体关节置换后的应力情况进行分析,分别对3种假体在置换后对应完整股骨中下部应力集中区内外侧、小转子右下方30 mm、股骨近端小转子右侧的应力遮挡率进行计算。结果与结论:通过三维有限元分析,建立了直观、精确的股骨模型以及假体三维模型。按照实际情况对股骨三维有限元模型进行赋材质,获得相应的模型,从而更加直观的展现出股骨内部不同材质的属性,并对钴铬钼合金、钛合金、复合材料3种假体置换后的股骨应力进行了模拟。结果发现,应力遮挡率在股骨中下端股骨会出现下降的情况,置换后股骨远端部位应力高于完整股骨应力水平。提示使用钴铬钼合金、钛合金、复合材料3种置换假体进行髋关节置换后均会出现一定的应力遮挡情况。其中复合材料假体与人体的实际生理环境更为接近,可以有效减少应力遮挡作用,有利于应力从假体传导至股骨上。
BACKGROUND： During joint replacement, different materials of prosthesis can be used. Different prosthesis can produce different effects and the stress distribution of bone interface. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of different materials on the stress distribution and biomechanics of the bone interface of artificial hip joint. METHODS： The CT scan of the hip was carried out. The image data were saved in DICOM format and processed by MIMICS software. The 3D finite element model of the femur was obtained by ANSYS. A three dimensional finite element model of the femur was made with the material properties of the femur. Three kinds of different replacement prosthesis materials（Co Cr Mo alloy, titanium alloy and composite materials） were selected, and the specific requirements of the actual joint replacement were selected, and different types of prosthesis were designed in CAE software. In the STL format, the prosthesis model was imported into MIMICS, and the femur and prosthesis were assembled. The stress status of different prosthesis was analyzed, and the stress shielding rates of exterior and interior sides of middle and lower parts of the femur, right to and 30 mm below lesser trochanter and right to lesser trochanter of the proximal femur were calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Through three-dimensional finite element analysis, a direct and accurate model of the femur and the three-dimensional model of the prosthesis were established. According to the actual situation, material assignment of the femoral three-dimensional finite element model was conducted to obtain the corresponding model. Thus, the properties of different materials of the femur were shown visually. The femoral stress of cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy, titanium alloy, and composite material was simulated after replacement. Results found that the stress shielding rate can decrease in the middle and lower parts of the femur. After replacement, the femoral stress is higher than that of the intact femur. The experimental results show that the stress shielding of the joint was performed after joint replacement with Co Cr Mo alloy, titanium alloy and composite materials. Among them, the composite material is more close to the actual physiological environment of the human body, and it can better reduce the stress shielding effect, and is beneficial to the stress from the prosthesis to the femur.
出处
《中国组织工程研究》
CAS
北大核心
2016年第9期1268-1274,共7页
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
