摘要
为明确我国未来航天服被动热防护技术的应用发展方向,结合国内外在用近地轨道航天服隔热材料技术的发展现状和先进航天服隔热材料的设计需求,对先进航天服隔热材料的相关研究进行了评述。目前,多层隔热组件是在近地轨道和月面等高真空环境下隔热效果最理想的材料,但为提高服装的活动性能和对空间环境的适应能力,需作进一步改进。纤维类材料在航天服隔热应用方面具有传统优势,但在面向火星任务为代表的低真空环境的深空探测中,未能达到热导率和材料厚度相结合的隔热目标;气凝胶类材料具有较低的热导率,在火星大气环境下具有最好的隔热性能,但无法规避粉尘污染及机械耐久性等问题。研究具有更细纤维尺度和特殊空隙结构的纤维种类,制备具有柔韧耐久特质的有机气凝胶材料,探索具有不同技术优势的材料的组合应用,将成为解决未来先进航天服隔热问题的主要途径。
To clarify the development trend of the passive thermal protection technology for future spacesuits,considering the technical status of the thermal insulating materials（ TIM） for low earth orbit spacesuit and the design requirements for advanced spacesuits,research on the TIM for advanced spacesuits is reviewed. Multi-layer insulation has performed best so far in the high vacuum environment of low earth orbit or moon,which still needs to be optimized for spacesuit mobility and space environmental adaptability. Fibrous material has lots of traditional advantages in the thermal insulating application of spacesuits; however,it cannot achieve the goal of thermal conductivity and material thickness in low vacuum environment during the deep space exploration such as Mars mission. Aerogel material has lower thermal conductivity and performs best in the atmosphere of Mars,but the problems of dust control and mechanical durability cannot be avoided. Studying the fibrous types with finer dimension and special porous structures,developing the organic aerogel material with excellent flexibility and durability,and trying the composite application of materials with different technological advantages,which can be the possible methods to deal with the issue of thermal insulation for advanced spacesuits in future.
出处
《航空材料学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期87-96,共10页
Journal of Aeronautical Materials
基金
国防科技重点实验室基金项目(9140C770404140C77318)
关键词
航天服
隔热材料
热防护
近地轨道
深空探测
spacesuit
thermal insulating materials
thermal protection
low earth orbit
deep space exploration
