摘要
分析考古发掘过程中环境蒸发量对土遗迹病害产生的作用。将考古发掘现场土遗迹模拟样品置于外界环境中,监测环境蒸发量变化,观察样品外观变化、监测样块不同深度含水率递变规律、观察微观形貌及分析可溶盐变化,探究环境蒸发量变化与土遗迹含水率变化对应规律性及含水率变化与遗迹表面产生的病害之间的递变规律。实验发现:样块放置初期,蒸发量对样块变化影响较大,模拟灰坑及夯土类遗迹样放置24 h后,累计蒸发量11mm时,样块迅速劣变,表层含水率迅速下降,产生裂隙、结皮、龟裂等病害;模拟潮湿环境样块,含水率高于19%左右时,样块受蒸发量影响不大,病害产生不显著,含水率降至19%之后,样块表层含水率急速降至5%左右(土壤缩限),样块表层产生严重结壳、可溶盐富集。含水量低于塑限的土遗迹,蒸发量变化对考古发掘土遗迹劣化影响呈递进式规律,环境累计蒸发量为11 mm时,劣化严重;处于液限附近土遗迹,受自身含水率影响较大,当含水率迅速由19%降至5%时,遗迹劣化最严重。
Purpose Analyzing the influence of the environmental evaporation capacity exerting on the earthen site diseases;Method By recording and analyzing the appearance changes、the moisture content grading regularity of different depth、microscopic morphology and soluble salt,it is possible to explore the corresponding rule between environmental evaporation capacity changes and moisture content variations as well as the grading regularity law between moisture content changes and the diseases on the site. Result at the early stage of the exposion,the evaporation capacity greatly affects the samples,those simulated ones degraded swiftly,diseases such as cracks、crust and chap appear at the exposion stage of the early 24 h and 11 mm accumulated evaporation capacity; For those high- moisture content samples,evaporation capacity has little effect on the site,there will be heavy crust and soluble salt with evaporation capacity reaching 19 % and moisture content plummeting to approximate 5 %.Conclusion for those sites with moisture content under plastic limit,evaporation capacity variation presents a progressive rule on the deterioration of the sites,there is the most obvious deterioration when the early environmental accumulated evaporation capacity reaches 11 mm. Those sites with moisture content around the liquid limit is directely affected by the moisture content,it deteriorates swifty while the moisture content changes from 19 % to 5 %.
出处
《地下水》
2016年第1期12-15,共4页
Ground water
基金
陕西省教育厅哲学社会科学重点研究基地科研计划项目(11JZ040)
西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室开放课题基金资助(06LCD19)项目资助
关键词
考古现场土遗迹
蒸发量
含水率
Excavated archaeological earthen sites
Evaporation capacity and Moisture content
