摘要
叶斑病是红阳猕猴桃出现的一种严重病害,成都平原地区6月下旬开始陆续发生,若7月份气候潮湿、降雨多,两周内叶子侵染率达20%—60%,植株开始落叶,严重影响到猕猴桃的产量和品质。从红阳猕猴桃4种叶斑症状分离出链格孢、炭疽病菌、拟茎点霉、棒孢霉4种真菌,其中棒孢霉具有强致病性,是红阳叶斑病的主要致病菌。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了11种杀菌剂对棒孢霉的毒力大小。结果表明:咪鲜胺锰盐、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、吡唑醚菌酯、丙环唑、异菌脲对菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,EC50分别为0.04881μg/m L、0.90914μg/m L、1.37901μg/m L、1.60798μg/m L、2.77784μg/m L、3.70938μg/m L;代森联、代森锰锌、多抗霉素、多菌灵对棒孢霉效果一般,EC50在19.3298—34.53023μg/m L之间;百菌清对棒孢霉EC50达483μg/m L,效果最差。在防治上应以农业防治为主,控制田间温湿度,及时清理落叶,6月喷施保护性杀菌剂预防,发病初期及时喷施咪鲜胺锰盐、三唑类、吡唑醚菌酯等药液,轮换用药,控制病害发展。
A acute leaf spot disease emerged in Hongyang kiwifruit orchard,which was firstly seen on leaves in late June. As the weather was wet and heavy rain in July,approximately 20%- 60% leaves was infected 2 weeks later,and leaves begun to drop. Before harvest,all leaves dropped on some serious vines. 4 kinds of leaf spots symptom were found in＂Hongyang＂kiwifruit orchards. Four fungal species including Alternaria sp.,Colletorichum sp.,Phomopsis sp.,Corynespora sp.,were isolated from the disease symptoms. Corynespora sp was strong pathogenicity to leaf spot. Toxicity test of 11 kinds fungicides to Corynespora sp. were carried out in laboratory by means of mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that： Prochloraz- manganese chloride complex,Tebuconazole,Flusilazole,Pyraclostrobin,Propiconazol and Iprodione had higher inhibition and EC50 values were 0. 04881 μg / m L,0. 90914 μg / m L,1. 37901 μg / m L,1. 60798 μg / m L and 2. 77784 μg / m L,3. 70938 μg / m L respectively. Metiram,Mancozeb,Polyoxins and Carbendazim had less inhibition effects and EC50 values was between 19. 3298 to 34. 53023μg / m L. The EC50 valuse of Chlorothalonil was 483μg / m L and no effect to the pathogen. Prevention and control of leaf spot disease shall be based on agricultural prevention and control,in accordance with managing orchard humidity,temperature and clearing drop leaves. In June,spraying protecting fungicides,and in early stage of disease,rotation of prochloraz- manganese chloride complex,triazole and pyraclostrobin was to reduce the disease development.
出处
《资源开发与市场》
CAS
CSSCI
2016年第6期741-744,753,F0004,共6页
Resource Development & Market
基金
四川省国合项目(编号:2014HH0035)
四川省基本科研业务费项目
成都市产业集群协同创新项目"猕猴桃现代种植和贮藏加工综合技术集成与产业化"
关键词
红阳猕猴桃
叶斑病
病原鉴定
毒力测定
Hongyang kiwifruit
leaf spot disease
pathogeny identification
toxicity test
