摘要
简评了城市居民行为与社区生态环境的关系及其对生态社区建设的启示,归纳了相关研究的进展及存在的问题,并提出下一步研究方向。研究发现,当前城市居民行为对生态环境的胁迫及社区环境对居民行为的影响研究方法多样、内容分散,研究设计及其逻辑尚无系统完备的研究体系做支撑。此外,目前生态社区建设研究大多集中于新型生态社区的设计与开发,少有针对已有社区的生态化改造的分析,也没有充分针对不同城市社区类型及资源、能源、环境禀赋提出因地适宜的建设生态社区的建议。研究还发现,即使是针对新型生态化社区,在构建过程中也是重视生态社区的规划和生态基础设施的建设、忽视生态社区的后续管理,更是缺乏针对管理机制创新方面的探讨。另外,现有城市生态社区建设多重视单个具体指标的提升,轻视全面建设生态社区中的系统性思考,缺少具有普适性的生态社区评价指标体系及对指标间关联关系的考量与分析。现有社区物业管理信息化平台,大多包含了社区环境卫生管理,并没有从社区生态系统建设和保护的角度出发将社区物质能量代谢、碳氮循环、生态系统性管理理念纳入进来,更缺少实时、动态的面向社区居民的生态环境资产核算方面的计算、查询、规划等互动式交流。当前生态社区集成示范的可推广性与普适性有待进一步深入考察,即要保证示范具有可参考、可借鉴、可推广等实际应用价值,避免由于技术过于超前或成本太高而导致示范难有操作性。
New-type urbanization and ecological civilization construction are two hot issues in China＇ s current social development processes. Means of integrating the concept and principals of ecological civilization into the process of urbanization are of great academic and practical significance. Exploring rational patterns of urban growth and urban dwellers＇ habitation and consumption behaviors under the guidance of ecological civilization construction principles are key points in achieving healthy,high quality,and sustainable urban development. The urban residential community is a complex symbiosis between humans and the environment,and also the fundamental operative unit used in ecological management.The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of existing studies on the relationship between urban dwellers＇ behaviors and the ecological environment of their residential communities,and the implications of this for building ecologicalcommunities. First,we review the concept and connotations of the terms ‘community＇and ‘ecological community＇. Next,we examine the characteristics of urban dwellers＇ behaviors and explore the interactions between urban dwellers＇ behaviors and the eco-environment of residential communities. We then investigate the issue of building ecological communities from the perspectives of management strategies and options,ecological infrastructure construction and individual demonstrations of ecological communities. Finally,we present the priorities for future research,based on a summary of both the progress and knowledge gaps in previous studies. Literature review results indicate that,while some multidisciplinary research approaches have been used,there is still a need for more comprehensive approaches in researching the bi-directional relationship between urban dwellers＇ behaviors and the eco-environment of residential communities. Many of the studies available in this field are without sufficient validation via systematic methods. Moreover,the majority of the current studies on building ecological communities have concentrated on designing and developing new ecological communities rather than taking the reconstruction of existing communities into account. In addition,even for the newly designed eco-communities,planning and infrastructure construction have been awarded more attention than the ecological management of communities.Furthermore,rational policy recommendations and strategic options for building ecological communities of a range of community and environment types,and availability of resources and energy,remain under-examined,especially regarding the exploration of innovative management mechanisms. The review results also indicate that current practices in building ecocommunities is more focused on improving specific indicators than systematically investigating the complex relations between the universal evaluation indicators of eco-communities. In addition, the existing management information systems of ecological community properties only cover public environmental management,and do not integrate material and energy metabolism,carbon and nitrogen cycles and ecological management concepts into the management platforms used to fulfill real-time calculations,queries,planning of ecological assets and properties,and interactive communication between urban dwellers and community managers. Last but not least,the experience gained from the implementation of current practices in building ecological communities needs to be further documented to ensure that integrated examples can be both extended and their principles applied to other communities,whilst avoiding overinvesting in overly advanced techniques,tools,and processes.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第10期3013-3020,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71533004
71225005)
关键词
居民行为
生态社区
社区生态管理
生态基础设施
集成示范
urban dwellers＇ behaviors
eco-community
community ecological management
ecological infrastructure
integrated demonstration
