摘要
以江西省上高县2013、2014年连片超高产攻关方种植的籼粳杂交稻甬优538和甬优2640为材料,对超高产群体(>10.50t·hm^(-2))与高产群体(9.75~10.50t·hm^(-2))的产量结构及其群体生长特征进行了系统比较。结果表明:与高产群体相比,超高产群体的总颖花量极显著提高,主要为每穗颖花数极显著提高;群体茎蘖数在生育前期增长缓慢,至有效分蘖临界叶龄期达到穗数,高峰苗数量少,成穗率略高;群体叶面积指数动态与茎蘖动态趋势基本一致,最大叶面积指数出现在孕穗期,成熟期仍保持在3.5左右;群体光合势与干物质积累在生长前期与生长中期与高产群体相当,后期则显著提高;抽穗期以后超高产群体干物质积累比例、群体生长率、净同化率、根系活力均较高。超高产群体起点质量略高,能够及时够苗,生长中后期光合生产能力强,物质积累多,根系发达。通过较大穗型和足量穗数形成显著较高的群体颖花量是双季晚稻籼粳杂交稻群体获得超高产的基本途径。
Using Yongyou 538 and Yongyou 2640 which planted on super high yield continuous square,as material in Shanggao of Jiangxi province,the structure and formation characteristics of super-high yield population were studied,and the grain yield and its components and the population characteristics in two types of populations（high yield：9.75-10.50t·hm（-2）;super high yield：〉10.50t·hm（-2））were analyzed.The spikelets of the super-high yield population was higher than that of high yield population,especially the average spikelets per panicle was significantly higher than that of high yield population.Super-high yield population exhibited less tillers at the early growth stage and achieved expected number of stems and tillers at critical leaf-age for productive tillers.At last,ratio of productive tillers to total tillers of super-high yield population was higher than that of high yield population.The change tendency of leaf area index were almost the same as tiller,the max leaf area index was appeared at booting.Then the leaf area index of super-high yield population stably decreased to above 3.5at maturity.As for the population photosynthesis potential and the dry matter accumulation,the super-high yield population showed lower values than high yield population during the early stages,during the middle stages the super-high yield population were almost the same with high yield population,and for the later stages in growth,the super-high yield population were significantly higher than high yield population.After Heading,in the super-high yield population,the ratio of total biomass accumulation,crop growth rate,net assimilation rate and root-shoot ratio were higher than those of high yield population.With higher population starting quality,earlier tiller and achieved expected number of stems and tillers on time,the population of super-high yield had obvious advantage,especially,higher photosynthetic matter production,greater dry matter accumulation and higher root-shoot ratio in the middle and late growth stage.Obtaining the enough total spikelets through adequate panicles and the large spikelets per panicle,were the key for higher yield formation of rice under super-high yield cultivation.
出处
《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2016年第1期58-64,共7页
Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划重大项目(973-2011BAD16B03)
江苏省普通高校研究生科研实践计划项目(SJZZ_0184)
关键词
双季晚稻
籼粳杂交稻
超高产
群体生长特征
late rice in double-cropping rice area
indica-japonica hybrid rice
super-high yield
population growth characteristics
