摘要
从技术经济、节能环保、土地占用、经济安全等方面对铁路在综合交通运输体系中的比较优势进行了分析,总结了新形势下铁路面临的新任务。结果表明,按单位里程完成的货物周转量分析,铁路约为水运的0.5~0.8倍,公路的20~35倍,民航的4500~6500倍。按完成单位货物周转量的运输费用分析,水运、公路、民航分别约为铁路的1/2、10倍、20倍。铁路单位里程造价一般高于公路,但完成单位客货运量建设成本基本相当。铁路运输节约能源明显,水运、公路、民航分别约为铁路内燃机车万吨公里能耗的2.5倍、20~35倍、125倍。铁路和水运属于清洁型运输方式,公路和民航有害气体排放强度分别约为铁路的5倍和30倍。按单位运输能力计算,I级双线铁路占地是一级公路、四车道高速公路、六车道高速公路的16%、33%、43%。铁路运输安全性远远高于公路,与水运相差不大。新形势下铁路发展的新任务主要有：发挥铁路支撑引领作用;加强铁路供给侧改革;发挥铁路优势新潜力。
The comparative advantages of railway in comprehensive transportation system were analyzed from the aspects of technology economy, energy saving and environmental protection, land occupation and economic security. The new tasks of railway under the new situation was summarized. The results show that, based on cargo turnover per unit mileage, railway is about 0.5~0.8 times as much as water transport, 25~30 times as much as highway, 4500~6500 times as much as civil aviation. Based on transportation cost per unit cargo turnover, water transport, highways and civil aviation are about 1/2, 10 times, 20 times as much as railway. The unit mileage cost of railway is generally higher than highway, but the construction cost of unit freight volume is basically equivalent. Energy saving of railway is significant. Water transport, highways and civil aviation are about 2.5 times, 20~35times, 125 times as much as railway. Harmful gases emissions of highway and civil aviation are about 5 times and 30 times as much as railway. Calculated by the unit transport capacity, land occupation of double track railway is about 16%, 33% and 43% of 1-class highway, four-lane highway and six-lane highway. The security of railway is much higher than that of highway and similar to that of water transport. Under the new situation, new tasks of railway development are as follows： playing a leading role in social development, strengthening the railway supply-side reform.
出处
《综合运输》
2016年第7期5-11,共7页
China Transportation Review
基金
国家铁路局科技研究计划项目:国民经济和社会发展对铁路的新要求(KF2014030)
关键词
综合交通
比较优势
新任务
PRN framework
TNFS framework
parking industry network
parking management
