摘要
【目的】明确蓝莓采后病害病原和采后病害的发生规律。【方法】从辽南地区收集7个蓝莓品种,并对其果实进行室温贮藏。待果实自然发病后,采用常规组织分离法分离致病菌并按科赫法则进行致病性测定。调查不同时间点、不同发病部位有、无果柄贮藏的蓝莓果实采后病害的发生情况。【结果】从蓝莓病果中分离得到4种致病菌,分别为灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea Pers.、链格孢菌Alternaria sp.、青霉菌Penicillium sp.和粉红单端孢菌Trichothecium roseum,它们的带菌率分别为81.85%、77.23%、62.43%和17.19%,致病性验证它们都能使蓝莓果实感病;无果柄贮藏的蓝莓果实比带果柄的采后病害发生严重,其中带果柄贮藏6d平均发病率为2.95%,而无果柄发病率达到了21.81%;不同品种果蒂痕处和果实其他部位的平均发病率分别为21.52%和5.56%;不同蓝莓品种采后病害进展较快的是‘伯克利’和‘瑞卡’,发病较慢的是‘N5’,而‘蓝丰’‘北陆’‘斯巴坦’和‘蓝鸟’发病进程居中。【结论】辽南地区引起蓝莓采后病害的致病菌分别为灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea Pers.、链格孢菌Alternaria sp.、青霉菌Penicillium sp.和粉红单端孢菌Trichothecium roseum;蓝莓采后病害的主要发病部位是果蒂痕处;对采后病害较抗病的品种有‘N5’,较感病品种有‘伯克利’和‘蓝丰’,‘瑞卡’‘北陆’‘斯巴坦’和‘蓝鸟’的抗性居中。
[ Objective ]The blueberry is a type of small fruit, succulent and highly susceptible to post-har- vest pathogen invasion, resulting in the fruit commodity rate being down, the shelf life being shortened and also serious losses to the blueberry industry. To make clear the pathogen and infection regularity of blueberry post-harvest disease while in storage and to formulate reasonable and effective post-harvest dis- ease control measures will have great significance in extending the shelf life of blueberries and promoting the healthy development of the blueberry industry. [ Methods ] 7 blueberry varieties were collected from the south of Liaoning province, and the fruit of each cultivar had the same ripeness, health and was disease- free. 50 experimental fruits selected from the 7 varieties were stored in a plastic perforated box, and the re- suits from testing were obtained after being repeated 3 times. After 6 days, to ensure the fruit achieved its natural incidence, we applied the conventional tissue isolation method on the edge of the fruit spot disease and observed its health at the junction of the excised 3 mm x 3 mm lesion size by applying 70% alcohol for 30 s, and then a 0.1% HgC12 solution after 10 s by immersion with sterile water and then washed three times and the lesions were seperated in a PDA culture medium at 25 ℃. Morphological identification was been done according to the colony＇ s color, shape and size of the different spores. Pathogenicity identifica-tion was carried out according to Koch＇ s postulates. The healthy and full uniform size blueberry fruits af- ter disinfection with 75% ethanol were placed in the bottom of a culture dish lined with filter paper, and then sprayed with different strains of spore suspension （concentration was about 2× 105 per mL） on the sur- faces of the fruit which were cultured at 25 ℃ while spraying sterile water as a control. After 4-7 days, when we found that the hyphae had grown out at the pedicel or skin surface, we observed the isolation of the pathogens to see whether or not they were consistent with the ones isolated from the diseased fruit. We collected each of the 50 experimental fruits from the 7 blueberry varieties, whether stem or stemless, pack- ing them in plastic perforated packaging boxes, each treatment being repeated three times, and stored at 25 ~C. After every 4, 6, 8, 11, 13 d intervals, we surveyed each variety whether stem or stemless to deter- mine their disease incidence and also the incidence of the pedicel and other parts of the fruits of each cul- tivar and then analyzed further with statistical software. [ Results ] The pathogens were isolated and identi- fied from the diseased fruits of the 7 cuhivars during storage. We obtained four types of pathogens which can cause blueberry decay. Morphology identification confirmed that they were Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichothecium roseum. The isolation rates for these four types of fungi were 81.85%, 77.23%, 62.43% and 17.19%, respectively. By inoculating their identification, we found that the four strains were all responsible for the blueberry post-harvest disease. Post-harvest disease incidence rates were significantly different among the different blueberry cultivars in storage whether being stem or stemless. The average incidence rate for the different varieties of fruits with stems was 2.95%, while the average incidence rate for the stemless fruits was up to 21.81%. The experimental results showed that the post-harvest disease incidence of stemless fruit was significantly higher than the fruits with stems; the av- erage disease incidence rate of pedicle and other parts of the surface of the cuhivars ＇ Reka＇ ＇ Berkeley＇ ＇Spartan＇ ＇N5＇ ＇Bluebird＇ ＇Bluecrop＇ and ＇Northland＇ were 25.29% and 5.07%, 34.67% and 8.06%, 18.24% and 4.34%, 8.67% and 1.33%, 11.16% and 6.63%, 29.11% and 8.00%, 23.51% and 5.50% re- spectively while in storage for 6 d. The experimental data showed that the pedicle was the main pathogen- ic site of blueberry post-harvest disease, and the other parts of the surface of the fruits were less serious than the pedicle. The disease incidence rates of ＇ Reka＇ ＇ Berkeley＇ ＇ Spartan＇ ＇ N5＇ ＇ Bluebird＇ ＇ Bluecrop＇ and ＇Northland＇in storage for 4, 6, 8, 11, and 13 d at room temperature indicated that the progress rate of blueberry post-harvest disease among the different cultivars had significant differences. When in storage for 4 d, the different cultivars had incidence rates of 8.63%-27.13%, the lowest incidence cuhivar was ＇ N5＇ and the highest one was ＇ Reka＇ ; when in storage for 11 d, the high incidence cuhivars were ＇ Berke- ley＇ ＇Reka＇ and ＇Bluecrop＇, with their incidence rates being 46.25%, 42.12% and 36.39% while the low incidence cultivars were ＇NS＇and ＇Bluebird＇, with their incidence rates being 19.64% and 24.54% re- spectively; when in storage for 13 d, the high incidence cuhivars were ＇ Berkeley＇ and ＇ Reka＇, the inci- dence rates being 46.25% and 45.27%, and the low incidence cultivars were ＇N5＇, with the incidence rate only being 26.19%; from the analysis of the data of different blueberry varieties for the post-harvest diseases, the rapid progress rates for the post-harvest disease cultivars were ＇Berkeley＇ and ＇Reka＇, while the slowest progress rate cultivar was ＇NS＇. The moderate cultivars were ＇Bluecrop＇ ＇Northland＇ ＇Spartan＇ and ＇Bluebird＇. Based on the different blueberry varieties after being in storage for 6 d when considering the total incidence rates for the post-harvest diseases, the survey results showed that the dif- ferent varieties of incidence rates from low to high in order were ＇ N5＇ ＇ Bluebird＇ ＇ Spartan＇ ＇ Northland＇ ＇Reka＇ ＇Bluecrop＇ and ＇Berkeley＇. The incidence rates of ＇Berkeley＇ and ＇Reka＇ were 42.72% and 37.11% respectively, and they exhibited the same significance levels; and the incidence rate of ＇N5＇ was 10.00%, significantly lower than that of ＇ Berkeley＇ and ＇ Bluecrop＇ ; the incidence rates of ＇ Reka＇ ＇ North- land＇ ＇Spartan＇ and ＇Bluebird＇ were 30.37%, 29.01%, 22.58% and 17.79% respectively, and there were no significant differences at the level of 5%. Therefore, from the point of view of acquisition of the seven varieties of blueberries, the resistant cuhivar was ＇ NS＇, the less resistant varieties were ＇ Berkeley＇ and Bluecrop , and the middle resistant varieties were Reka ＇ Northland ＇ Spartan and ＇ Bluebird＇. [Con- clusion]The pathogens causing blueberry post-harvest diseases are Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria sp., Peni- cillium sp. and Trichothecium roseum in the south of Liaoning province. The Pedicle is the main location of the disease. The resistent cultivar for blueberry post- harvest diseases is ＇ NS＇, the moderate ones are ＇ Bluecrop＇ ＇ Reka＇ ＇ Northland＇ ＇ Spartan＇ and ＇ Bluebird＇, while the susceptible cultivar is ＇ Berkeley＇.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第10期1299-1306,共8页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
辽宁省公益研究人才培养项目(2015002015)
关键词
蓝莓
采后病害
病原鉴定
发生规律
Blueberry
Post-harvest disease
Pathogen identification
Regularity of infection
