摘要
以阿勒泰两河源自然保护区采金废弃矿区为研究对象,从地形、水、土和生物多方面开展矿山生态恢复试验,分析了推平、覆土、撒羊粪、水分补给、补植、撒种、羊群驻扎和漫溢措施对矿区植被的影响,结合每种措施的成本,选出恢复成效好、成本低的措施。结果显示,1)对废弃矿区进行人工灌溉后,物种数增加了21.7倍,土石比增加了4.5倍;2)滴灌、漫灌和喷灌3种措施中,漫灌措施下成效最好,对土壤的恢复中:覆土后,漫灌下的土石比分别较滴灌与喷灌高38.0%和33.1%;撒羊粪后,分别高出21.7%和11.4%;撒种后,分别高8.9%和8.5%;补植种黑加仑(Ribes nigrum)后,分别高24.2%和2.9%;3)不同灌溉方式下成本高低为滴灌>喷灌>漫灌,其中漫灌受地理位置限制,而喷灌则适用性广泛。阿勒泰矿山恢复中,可注重矿区的自然恢复并辅以漫灌和人工覆土等措施。本研究为其废弃矿区修复提供了一定的理论依据。
The present study took source regions of the two rivers（Irtysh River and Ulungur River）in Altai Mountain as the study area to analyze the influence of different artificial measures including different moisturing measures combined with soil measures and biological measures on restoration of abandoned field in the gold mining area.The results showed that the plant diversity of abandoned mining areas was 96.67%less than that of the original grassland.After artificial irrigation,the number of species increased 21.7times,and the soilstone ratio increased 4.5times.Drip irrigation,flood irrigation,sprinkler irrigation three measures.The flood irrigation measures was the best for soil recovery compared with drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation which improved soil-stone ratio by 38.0% and 33.1% after soil covering,improved soil-stone ratio by 21.7% and11.4% after sheep manure supplement,improved soil-stone ratio by 8.9% and 8.5% after sowing,improved soil-stone ratio by 24.2%and 2.9%after of planting black currant.The cost of drip irrigation was higher than that of sprinkling irrigation which was also higher than that of flood irrigation.The flood irrigation was restricted by geographical position,and the sprinkling irrigation was widely applicable.This study provided a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of abandoned mining areas in other areas.
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第10期2126-2135,共10页
Pratacultural Science
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区科技支撑项目(201533110)
国家自然科学基金(31400466)
关键词
灌溉方式
人工恢复措施
采金废弃矿区
两河源保护区
irrigation method
artificial restoration measures
mining gold mining area
plant and soil
reserve of two rivers
