摘要
作为周代天命观核心理念的善恶报应论,其理论要点为德福一致。然而在个人的日常生活世界中,施报往往不一,因而在西周末期,报应论开始受到质疑。为回应上述质疑,春秋时人提出部分修正理论,如"报及后世"说、"天假助不善"说与"谴告"说。但这些修正理论不仅无法圆熟解答报应何以无征,甚至由此带来一些新的理论困境,从而使得报应论最终在战国时期为"时命论"所取代。强调德福并不必然一致的"时命论"虽然削弱了敦促世人弃恶行善的外在规制手段与终极保障机制,却能更好地解释"为恶得福,善者有殃"的社会现实。
As a core idea of the Mandate of Heaven of the Zhou dynasty（1046-256 BCE）,the conformity between virtue and blessing was the main point of this retribution theory.In an individual＇s daily life,however,receiving usually could not match giving.Therefore,in the late Western Zhou（1046-771 BCE）,the retribution theory began to be doubted.To respond to these suspicions,people of the Springs and Autumns period（770-476 BCE） set forth some amended theories,such as the theory that ＂retribution would happen to one＇s descendants＂,the theory that ＂Heaven pretended to help villains＂,the theory of ＂admonishment.＂ Nevertheless,not only could these amended theories imperfectly answer the inconformity between good deeds and blessing,but also brought about many new theoretic dilemmas,which finally led to the replacement of the retribution theory by the ＂theory of fate and time＂ prevailing in the Warring States period（475-221 BCE）.Although the ＂theory of fate and time＂,which contends that blessing could not always match virtue,weakened the external regulations and ultimate mechanism which had urged people to do good deeds and get rid of evil conduct,it could better interpret the social reality that many evil persons often receive blessing while kind persons were often subjected to misfortunes.
出处
《周易研究》
CSSCI
2016年第5期75-81,共7页
Studies of Zhouyi
基金
2011年度教育部青年基金项目(11YJC730010)
2015年度山东大学基本科研业务费资助项目(IFYT15031)
关键词
善恶报应
天命观
时命论
retribution of good and evil
outlook on the Mandate of Heaven
theory of fate and time
