摘要
急性应激障碍(ASD)又称为急性应激反应(ASR),是对恐怖或创伤事件产生的心理反应。ASD以急剧、严重的创伤事件作为直接原因,患者在受刺激后立即(1小时之内)发病。ASD的常见症状是麻木;情感分离;缄默;现实感丧失;人格解体;心因性遗忘;对经历的创伤事件和思想的重新体验、做梦和闪回;对事件的回避。在这段时间里,患者存在着焦虑症状和至少一个基本功能的损害。症状至少持续3天,最多不超过4周;并发生于创伤事件之后的4周之内。美国精神病学会在2013年5月出版了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版(DSM-5)。DSM-5对ASD的诊断标准进行了新的修订。近年来,对ASD的临床研究成为精神病学、心身医学和临床心理学的热点。根据DSM-5的标准和新的临床研究成果,本文对ASD的病因和发病机制、临床表现、诊断标准、心理评估、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗、预防和预后进行了分析。
Acute stress disorder（ASD）also called acute stress reaction（ASR）or psychological shock.It is a psychological condition arising in response to a terrifying or traumatic event.ASD＇s direct cause is sharp and severe traumatic event.Patient immediately arise illness（within 1hour）after the onset of stimulation.Common symptoms that sufferers of ASD experience include：numbing;emotional detachment;muteness;serialization;depersonalization;psychogenic amnesia;continued re-experiencing of the event via thoughts,dreams,and flashbacks;and avoidance of any stimulation that reminds them of the event.During this time,they must have symptoms of anxiety,and significant impairment in at least one essential area of functioning.Symptoms last for a minimum of 3days,and a maximum of 4weeks,and occur within 4weeks of the event.American Psychiatry Association（APA）has published〈Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,5th Edition〉（DSM-5）in 2013.DSM-5have updated diagnostic standard of ASD.In recent years,clinical research on ASD has become a hotspot in psychiatry,psychosomatic medicine and clinical psychology fields.According to update of DSM-5and new achievement of clinical research,this paper has analyzed to etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostic criteria,psychological assessment,diagnosis and differential diagnosis,treatment,prevention and prognosis of ASD.
作者
邓明昱
Deng MingYu M.D Ph.D(Prof .of Psychosomatic Medicine, the American College of East -- west Health Science, New York, US)
出处
《中国健康心理学杂志》
2016年第12期1761-1769,共9页
China Journal of Health Psychology
