摘要
以平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis)幼苗为试材,盆栽试验条件下研究生物炭和菌液的混合施用对其生长及连作土壤环境的影响。试验共设5个处理:连作土对照(CK)、连作土溴甲烷熏蒸(T_1)、连作土施加2%生物炭(T_2)、连作土施用500倍稀释的菌液(T_3)、连作土加2%生物炭和500倍稀释的菌液(T_4)。研究结果表明,与连作相比,溴甲烷熏蒸、添加生物炭、施用菌液以及混合施用生物炭和菌液对平邑甜茶幼苗植株的生物量均有不同程度的促进作用。其中,溴甲烷熏蒸处理效果最好,混合施用生物炭和菌液次之,且均高于单独添加生物炭和菌液处理。与对照相比,混合施用生物炭和菌液处理9月平邑甜茶幼苗植株株高、地径、干重、鲜重分别增加了40.2%、34.7%、58.3%、68.6%;同时,平邑甜茶幼苗的根系长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数分别增加了46.5%、108.0%、91.0%、34.3%。混合施用生物炭和菌液处理显着提高了平邑甜茶幼苗的根系活力,与对照相比增加了124.2%。添加生物炭、施用菌液和混合施用生物炭和菌液均增加了土壤中细菌的数量,降低了真菌的数量。添加生物炭、施用菌液和混合施用生物炭和菌液的细菌数量和连作相比分别增加了157.14%、85.71%、252.4%,真菌数量降低了7.1%、53.97%、68.14%,显着增加了细菌/真菌的比值。添加生物炭、施用菌液、混合施用生物炭和菌液处理均增加了土壤酶活性,其中混合施用生物炭和菌液处理的土壤酶活性增幅最为明显。试验结果表明,混合施用生物炭和菌液可以更好地促进连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量的增加,提高细菌/真菌比值,增强土壤酶活性,改善苹果园连作土壤环境,有效减轻苹果连作障碍。
By using seedlings of Malus hupehensis as objects, this article studied the effects of a mixture of bacterial manure and bioehar on the growth of seedlings and the replanted soil environment. The experiment consisted of five treatments, including a control group （CK）, methyl bromide into the cropping soil （T1）, 2% biochar into the replanted soil （T2）, 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the replanted soil （T3）, and 2% bioehar plus 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the replanted soil （T4）. Results showed that compared with CK, 2% biochar into the replanted soil, 500-fold diluted diluted bacterial manure＋ 2% biochar into the replanted seedlings to different extents. Among them, the methyl bacterial manure into the replanted soil and 500-fold soil increased the plant biomass of Malus hupehensis bromide fumigation treatment was the most effective, followed by a mixture of bacterial manure and biochar, all had higher effects compared with bacterial manure or biochar treatment alone. Applying 2% biochar＋ 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the replanted soil, in September, compared with CK, the plant height, stem diameter, dry weight and fresh weight of the plant increased by 40.2%, 34.7%, 58.3% and 68.6%, respectively, whereas the root length, root area, root tips, root volume increased by 46.5%, 108.0%, 91.0% and 3g.3%, respectively. A mixture of biochar and bacterial manure T4 significantly increased the root activity of Malus hupehensis seedlings, by 124.2% compared with CK. 2% biochar into the replanted soil, 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the replanted soil and 500-fold diluted bacterial manure＋2% biochar into the replanted soil could increase the bacteria quantity and reduce the fungi quantity of the soil under replant condition, respectively. Compared with control, 2% biochar, 500- fold diluted bacterial manure and 2% biochar ＋ 500-fold diluted bacterial manure increased the bacteria quantity by 157.14%, 85.71%, 252.4% and reduced the fungi quantity by 7.1%, 53.97%, 68.14%, respectively, markedly increased the ratio of bacteria to fungi. 2% biochar into the condition soil, 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the condition soil and 500-fold diluted bacterial manure＋ 2% biochar into the replanted soil increased the soil enzyme activity, respectively. Among them, the effect a mixture of biochar and bacterial manure treatment was the most obvious. As a conclusion, a mixture of biochar and bacterial manure further could increase the plant biomass of Malus hupehensis seedlings, raised the ratio of bacteria to fungi, enhanced the soil enzyme activity, improved the replanted soil environment, and effectively reduced the apple replanted obstacle.
作者
孙琪然
徐燕
相立
王功帅
沈向
陈学森
尹承苗
毛志泉
Sun Qiran Xu Yan Xiang Li Wang Gongshuai Shen Xiang Chen Xuesen Yin Chengmiao Mao Zhiquan(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai＇ an Shandong 271018)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2017年第8期52-59,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金"果园土壤连作障碍克服"(CARS-28)
山东省自然科学基金"连作苹果园生防青霉菌菌株的分离鉴定及其抑菌机制的研究"(ZR2014CL024)
关键词
连作
平邑甜茶
生物炭
菌肥
微生物
replanted
Malus hupehensis
biochar
bacterial manure
microorganism
