摘要
微生物组是指一个特定环境或者生态系统中全部微生物及其遗传信息,包括其细胞群体和数量、全部遗传物质(基因组),它界定了涵盖微生物群及其全部遗传与生理功能,其内涵包括了微生物与其环境和宿主的相互作用。微生物组学是一个崭新的学科,微生物组研究取得的成果,必将为国家经济社会发展、人类生活质量改善提供源源不断的创新活力。因此,微生物组学也是一个世界各国争相发展的战略性科技领域,美国、日本等发达国家已经部署了支持微生物组研究的国家计划。在分析国内发展现状的基础上,结合我国发展过程中的国家需求,文章分析了我国微生物组研究面临的机遇和挑战,提出了部署中国微生物组计划"国家需求导向、科学假设驱动、技术创新支撑"的基本原则。建议设立中国微生物组计划国家重点研发计划;探讨了中国微生物组计划的重点领域和内容,涉及健康、环境、工农业和海洋等领域。希望通过中国微生物组计划的实施,主导国际大科学计划并强化我国在相应领域的话语权,显著提升我国科技创新和科技成果转化能力,催生一批基于颠覆性技术的战略性新兴产业,为我国经济社会发展和人类文明进步作出应有的贡献。
Microbiome is defined as the totality of microorganisms and their collective genetic materials in a well-recognized niche or an ecosystem and environment. It covers the interactions between microbes and their hosts or environments. Microbiomics is an emerging frontier of life science with multi-disciplines, and is considered worldwide to be of strategic importance. The developed countries such as United States of America and Japan have launched national plans/initiatives to support researches on microbiome,with the aim to strengthen national competitiveness and to expand human＇s understanding about nature and human itself. It is believed that the outcome of microbiome researches will provide new resources and innovative technology for social and economic developments, as well as improving the life quality of human beings. By reviewing the international plans/initiatives of microbiome researches, this article explores the opportunity and challenges for China and its scientists. With the emphasis on meeting national demands, authors propose the China Microbiome Initiative （CMI）. The CMI identifies priority of human and environmental health, agriculture and industrial developments. National-demands-oriented, hypothesis-driven, and technology-innovations are general rules for CMI projects. Through the implementation of CMI projects, it is expected to make significant contribution to China＇s economic developmentsand socialcivilization.
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
CSCD
2017年第3期241-250,共10页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
关键词
中国微生物组计划
微生物组学
科学与技术
战略与规划建议
China microbiome initiative, microbiomics, science and technology, strategy and planning proposal
